Relative survival provides

a measure of net mortality, i.e. the probability of death due to cancer in the absence of other causes. This is a useful measure, but it is also of interest to measure crude mortality, i.e. the probability www.selleckchem.com/products/idasanutlin-rg-7388.html of death due to cancer in the presence of other causes. A previous approach to estimate the crude probability of death in population-based cancer studies used life table methods, but we show how the estimates can be obtained after fitting a relative survival model. We adopt flexible parametric models for relative survival, which use restricted cubic splines for the baseline cumulative excess hazard and for any time-dependent effects. We illustrate the approach using an example of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in England and Wales showing the differences in net and crude survival for different ages. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Although several tools for the analysis of ChIP-seq data have been published recently, there is a growing demand, in particular in the plant research community, for computational resources with which such data can be processed, analyzed, stored, visualized and integrated within a single, user-friendly environment. To accommodate this demand, we have developed PRI-CAT

(Plant Research International ChIP-seq analysis tool), a web-based workflow tool for the management and analysis of ChIP-seq experiments. PRI-CAT Fedratinib datasheet is currently focused on Arabidopsis, but will be extended with other plant species in the near future. Users can directly submit their sequencing data to PRI-CAT for automated analysis. A QuickLoad server compatible with genome browsers is implemented for the storage and visualization of DNA-binding maps. Submitted datasets FK228 molecular weight and results can be made publicly

available through PRI-CAT, a feature that will enable community-based integrative analysis and visualization of ChIP-seq experiments. Secondary analysis of data can be performed with the aid of GALAXY, an external framework for tool and data integration. PRI-CAT is freely available at http://www.ab.wur.nl/pricat. No login is required.”
“In this paper, we aimed to explore the effects of the calpain inhibitor III (MDL28170) and to detect calpain-like molecules (CALPs) in epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi isolate Dm28c. MDL28170 at 70 mu M promoted a powerful reduction in the growth rate after 48 h. The IC(50) value was calculated to be 31.7 mu M. This inhibitor promoted an increase in the cellular volume, but not cell lysis, resulting in a trypanostatic effect. T. cruzi CALPs presented a strong cross-reactivity with anti-Drosophila melanogaster calpain and anti-cytoskeleton-associated protein from Trypanosoma brucei antibodies, and labelling was found mainly intracellularly. Furthermore, an 80 kDa reactive protein was detected by Western blotting assays.

05). In both the in vitro and in vivo trials, the strains demonstrated the induction of the Mx transcript, although no differences were detected, and the level always were significantly lesser that observed in poly I:C samples. The results suggest that the infectivity observed see more is related to the presence of certain specific residues in VP2, and that neither the infectivity nor the genotype

appears to bear any relation to Mx induction capacity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Sexual differentiation of the brain can be considered as a process during which effects of sex steroid hormones secreted during early development is maintained into adulthood. Epigenetic regulation is emerging as a potentially important mechanism of conveyance of long-lasting Selisistat supplier effects of the hormonal and environmental milieu in the developing brain. Evidence has accumulated to show that epigenetic regulation is involved in the control

of sexual differentiation of the brain. In the preoptic area (POA), which is important for male sexual behavior, histones associated with the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and aromatase (Arom) gene promoters are differentially acetylated between the sexes, and two subtypes of histone deacetylase (HDAC2 and 4) are associated with the same promoters at higher frequencies in males in the early postnatal period. Since ER alpha and Arom are essential genes in masculinization of the brain, these findings suggest that histone deacetylation in the early postnatal period is involved in masculinization of the brain. Indeed, inhibition of HDAC activity in males during this period abrogates brain masculinization: structural sexual dimorphism of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is eliminated and expression of male sexual behavior is reduced in adulthood. Previous reports have demonstrated that ER alpha gene expression in the POA is higher in females during the developmental and pubertal

periods and in adulthood, indicating that sexually dimorphic MEK inhibitor review ER alpha expression that appears in early postnatal development is maintained until adulthood by epigenetic programming. The ER alpha promoter is also more sparsely methylated in females, with an inverse correlation with ER alpha expression. In addition to the hormonal effect, the amount of maternal care received during postnatal development has a lasting effect on ER alpha expression mediated by DNA methylation of its promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in the transduction and maintenance of early hormonal and social cues to organize sexually differentiated brain functions.”
“Evidence from neuroimaging studies indicates that depressive symptomatology is associated with inefficient recruitment of prefrontal brain regions while performing tasks that tax executive function.

(MJA 2009, 191: 232-234)”
“UV light induces DNA lesions, which are removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is highly conserved from yeast to human and is implicated in numerous DNA metabolic Dibutyryl-cAMP in vivo pathways, including repair, recombination, replication, and telomere maintenance. Here we show that hEXO1 is involved in the cellular response to UV irradiation in human cells. After local UV irradiation, fluorescent-tagged hEXO1 localizes, together with NER factors, at the sites of damage in nonreplicating cells. hEXO1 accumulation requires XPF-dependent processing of UV-induced lesions and is enhanced by inhibition of DNA repair synthesis. In nonreplicating cells,

depletion of hEXO1 reduces unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV irradiation, prevents ubiquitylation of histone H2A, and impairs activation of the checkpoint signal transduction cascade in response to UV damage. These findings reveal a key role for hEXO1 in the UV-induced DNA damage response linking NER to checkpoint activation in human cells.”
“Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing health concern worldwide. Use of plants for treatment of DM is widely practiced in the Middle East. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Capparis spinosa are traditionally used as antidiabetic medications.

The present study evaluated the differential effects of ethanol extraction of these plants on the blood glucose concentration and the pathology of pancreatic beta-cell mass, liver, lungs, kidneys and GI tract in diabetic rats. DM was induced in 30 out Ruboxistaurin of 40 adult female P005091 research buy Albino rats, using intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg BW alloxan. The diabetic rats were assigned into three groups, two of which were treated with extract of garlic and C. spinosa fruits (300 mg/kg) for 12 days and the rats of the third group, as the untreated group received ordinary diet. Ten non diabetic rats remained as the normal control group. Administration of these extracts tended to decrease the blood glucose concentration, while the blood glucose

of the untreated rats remained significantly high. The garlic extract was found to be more effective than C. spinosa extract. Histopathologically, tissue sections of the pancreas in the treated rats did not show a significant difference with the untreated diabetic rats. The liver of the treated diabetic rats with garlic extract revealed slight improvement in the hepatic tissue compared to those of the untreated diabetic rats. This study indicated a significant antihyperglycemic effect of garlic and C. spinosa fruit and supported its traditional usage in treatment of diabetes mellitus.”
“The acetyl benzo[f]coumarin condensed with phenyl hydrazine to afford the corresponding phenyl hydrazone which cyclized into the pyrazolyl benzocoumarin under Vilsmeier reaction conditions.

Interestingly, the CaM knockdown primarily JNJ-26481585 order activated genes that are preferentially expressed in caudal brain regions, whereas it repressed genes in rostral brain regions. Consistent with this correlation, quantifications of protein levels in adult mice uncovered an inverse relationship of CaM

and synaptotagmin-2 levels in mouse forebrain, brain stem, and spinal cord. Finally, we employed molecular replacement experiments using a knockdown rescue approach to show that Ca(2+) binding to the C-lobe but not the N-lobe of CaM is required for suppression of synaptotagmin-2 expression in cortical neurons. Our data describe a previously unknown, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent regulatory pathway that controls the expression of synaptic proteins in the rostral-caudal neuraxis.”
“Background: In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) aged more than 70 years, the benefit-to-risk ratio of doublet chemotherapy vs single-agent is not established.\n\nMethods: We performed a meta-analysis (MA), with a PubMed query using keywords simultaneously (Randomized controlled trial,

Aged, Anti-neoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols/therapeutic APR-246 molecular weight use, Carcinoma, Non-small cell lung/drug therapy). Abstracts from ASCO, WCLC, and ESMO proceedings were reviewed. Articles were also obtained by cross-checking references. Third-generation agents (gemcitabine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, docetaxel) in combination with or without platinum were included. The efficacy outcomes were Overall Response Rate (ORR) and 1-Year Overall Survival (OS). We used EasyMA software and a random-effect model in case of heterogeneity.\n\nResults: This MA comprised 10 studies including 2605 patients (mean age 74; 1866 men and 620 women; 654 stage IIIB and 1677 stage W; 839 squamous cell cancers, 968 adenocarcinomas, 521 other pathological types). One-year OS (including the last trial by Abe) did not significantly improve

for doublets compared with single-agents (HR 0.92; 95% confidence Interval or CI: 0.82-1.03) whereas it improved significantly before inclusion of this last study, when the study by Quoix et al., the most favorable to doublets, was included. However, doublet chemotherapy significantly improved ORR Selleck GSK2245840 after inclusion of Abe study (TAR 1.51; 1.22-1.86; p<0.001). OS was not significantly improved, neither by doublets including platinum (HR 0.90, 0.70-1.16), nor by those without platinum (HR 0.94, 0.84-1.07). ORR, but not OS, was improved by doublets including a taxane (docetaxel and paclitaxel) (HR 1.72; 1.28-2.33) except for paclitaxel with a significant OS and ORR benefit. All-grade neutropenia thrombocytopenia and anemia were significantly more frequent with doublets than with single-agents (HR 1.26, 1.15-1.39; 1.75, 1.11-2.77 and 1.33, 1.17-1.52 respectively).

Investigations in this simple organism often guide the direction of chemotaxis studies in areas such as forming concepts, discovering molecular components, revealing pathways and networks. The cooperation between experimental approaches and computational modeling has helped us

to comprehend the signaling network as a system. To further reveal the relationships among the molecular mechanisms of individual signaling steps, a continuous interplay between model development and refinement and experimental testing and verification will be useful. This article focuses on a chemoattractant G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)/G-protein gradient sensing machinery, which ismonitored by PIP(3) responses and investigated by the interplay between live cell imaging learn more experiments and computational modeling.

We believe that such an approach will lead to a much better understanding of GPCR-controlled chemotaxis of all eukaryotic cells. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 717-727 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.143″
“The effects of formulation and storage time on the physicochemical and rheological properties of a stirred yogurt, with the inclusion of a Mexican caramel jam (“cajeta”) as a flavor source, were studied. The systems were prepared by following a factorial design, analyzed after formulation and during four weeks of storage by studying three factors: fat, caramel, and x-carrageenan with different levels. Formulation as well as the storage time Selleck ARN-509 influenced in a different degree both properties: physicochemical and flow. Soluble solids and moisture were stable, pH decreased while acidity Selleck HIF inhibitor augmented; the luminosity remained constant but redness and yellowness showed an inverse

relationship as a function of storage. The non Newtonian behavior of the flavored yogurt was fitted by the Herschel and Bulkley model, in which fat increased the yield stress and consistency coefficient; both parameters increased with storage in contrary to the flow behavior index. Dynamic tests and microscopy observations completed the characterization, a weak gel was identified. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background and aim of the study: The early diastolic transmitral velocity/early mitral annular diastolic velocity ratio (E/Ea) reflects left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in a variety of cardiac diseases. The value of this parameter in patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) remains controversial. It has been hypothesized that, by combining the index of diastolic function (E/Ea) and a parameter that explores LV systolic performance (Sa, mitral annulus peak systolic velocity), a close prediction of the LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) can be provided. Hence, the study aim was to assess the relationship between a new parameter, E/(EaxSa), and LVEDP in patients with severe MR.

The cluster

solution was analysed using defined food groups in serves and with respect to clinical parameters and requirements for selected nutrients.\n\nRESULTS: buy THZ1 Two distinct dietary patterns were identified from the reported baseline dietary intakes. Subjects in Cluster 1 reported food patterns characterised by higher intakes of low-fat dairy and unsaturated oils and margarine and were generally more closely aligned to food choices encouraged in national dietary guidelines. Subjects in Cluster 2 reported a dietary pattern characterised by non-core foods and drinks, higher-and medium-fat dairy foods, fatty meats and alcohol. At 3 months, Cluster 2 subjects reported greater reductions in energy intake (-5317 kJ; P<0.001) and greater weight loss (-5.6 kg; P<0.05) compared with Cluster 1.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Overweight subjects with reported dietary patterns similar to dietary guidelines at baseline may have more difficulty in reducing energy intake than those with poor dietary patterns. Correcting exposure to non-core foods and drinks was key to successful weight loss. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 330-336; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.26; published online selleck 13 February 2013″
“Background: The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive

symptoms (OCS) in patients with schizophrenia is relatively high. Antipsychotics have been found to influence OCS.\n\nObjective: To determine whether induction or severity of OCS differs during treatment with olanzapine or risperidone in young patients with early psychosis.\n\nMethods: One hundred twenty-two patients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophreniform disorder were randomized in a double-blind design to groups of 6 weeks’ treatment with olanzapine (n = 59) or Stattic datasheet risperidone (n = 63), with a mean dose of 11.3 mg olanzapine and 3.0 mg risperidone at 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were the mean baseline-to-end point change in total score on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).\n\nResults:

Treatment with olanzapine was associated with greater decreases in Y-BOCS total score than treatment with risperidone in total group (N = 122: -2.2 vs -0.3, z = -2.651, P < 0.01), in patients with baseline Y-BOCS total score greater than 0 (n = 58: -5.1 vs -0.4, z = -2.717, P < 0.01), and in patients with baseline Y-BOCS total score greater than 10 (n = 29: -7.1 vs -0.6, z = -2.138, P = 0.032).\n\nConclusions: In this randomized, 6-week, double-blind trial, we found a significant and clinically relevant difference in decrease in Y-BOCS scores favoring olanzapine compared with risperidone.”
“The aim of this study was to prove the concept of using a long intravenous half-life blood-pool T1 contrast agent as a new functional imaging method.

“
“Early non-infectious pulmonary complications represent a significant cause of mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We tested the hypothesis that oral beclomethasone

dipropionate (BDP) is effective for preventing early non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic HCT. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 120 patients, 60 in each treatment arm, to identify non-infectious and infectious pulmonary events and pulmonary function test results from all patients who participated in two randomized trials of oral BDP for treatment of acute gastrointestinal GVHD. 17-Beclomethasone monopropionate (17-BMP), the active metabolite of BDP, was evaluated in blood from the right atrium in four patients. Thirty-three of 42 (79%) placebo-treated patients experienced a decrease of the DL(CO) from pretransplant to day 80 after mTOR inhibitor transplant, compared with 27 of 49 (55%) BDP-treated patients (P = 0.02).

In the first 200 days after randomization, there were no cases of non-infectious pulmonary complications selleck screening library in BDP-treated patients, vs four cases among placebo-treated patients (P = 0.04). Levels of 17-BMP were detected in atrial blood at steady state. Delivery of a potent glucocorticoid such as 17-BMP to the pulmonary artery after oral dosing of BDP may be useful in modulating pulmonary inflammation and preventing the development of noninfectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic HCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2010) 45, 317-324; doi:10.1038/bmt.2009.129; published online 29 June 2009″
“The axonal survival of motor neuron (a-SMN) protein is a truncated isoform of SMN1, the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease gene. a-SMN is selectively localized in axons and endowed with remarkable axonogenic properties. At present, the

role of a-SMN in SMA is unknown. As a first step to verify a link between a-SMN and SMA, we investigated by means of over-expression experiments in neuroblastoma-spinal cord hybrid cell line (NSC34) whether SMA pathogenic mutations located in the N-terminal part of the protein affected a-SMN function. We demonstrated here that either SMN1 missense mutations or small check details intragenic re-arrangements located in the Tudor domain consistently altered the a-SMN capability of inducing axonal elongation in vitro. Mutated human a-SMN proteins determined in almost all NSC34 motor neurons the growth of short axons with prominent morphologic abnormalities. Our data indicate that the Tudor domain is critical in dictating a-SMN function possibly because it is an association domain for proteins involved in axon growth. They also indicate that Tudor domain mutations are functionally relevant not only for FL-SMN but also for a-SMN, raising the possibility that also a-SMN loss of function may contribute to the pathogenic steps leading to SMA.

\n\nMethods: Two types of specimens were produced: PFM and FGMR specimens. PFM specimens were produced by conventional PFM technique. FGMR specimens were hot pressed and prepared with a metal/ceramic composite interlayer (50 M, vol%) at the metal-ceramic interface.

They were manufactured and standardized in cylindrical format and then submitted to thermal (3000, 6000 and 12,000 cycles; between 5 degrees C and 60 degrees C; dwell time: 30 s) and mechanical (25,000, 50,000 and 100,000 cycles under a load of 50 N; selleck chemicals llc 1.6 Hz) cycling. The shear bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 0.5 mm/min), using a special device to concentrate the tension at the metal-ceramic interface and the load was applied

until fracture. The metal-ceramic interfaces were examined with SEWEDS prior to and after shear tests. The Young’s modulus and hardness were measured across the interfaces of both types of specimens using nanoindentation tests. Data was analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk test to test the assumption of normality. The 2-way ANOVA was used to compare shear bond strength results (p < 0.05).\n\nResults: FGMR specimens showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher shear bond strength results than PFM specimens, irrespective of fatigue conditions. Fatigue conditions significantly (p<0.05) affected the shear bond strength results. The analysis of surface fracture revealed adhesive fracture type for PFM specimens and mixed fracture type for FGMR specimens. Nanoindentation Quizartinib datasheet tests showed differences in mechanical properties measured across the metal-ceramic interface for the two types of specimens, namely Young’s Modulus and hardness.\n\nSignificance: This study showed significantly better performance of the new functionally graded restorations relative to conventional PFM restorations, under fatigue testing conditions and for the materials tested. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Estradiol learn more (E(2)) and its receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) are implicated in the pathology of stromal-predominant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)

is produced primarily by stromal cells in the prostate. Recent study showed that E(2)-mediated regulation of IGF1 in mouse uterus requires the DNA binding ability of ER alpha. However, the crosstalk between ER alpha and IGF1 in the prostate has not been addressed yet. Therefore, in this study we employed mouse prostatic smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) as a model to demonstrate that E(2) stimulated the proliferation of PSMCs and up-regulated the expression of IGF1 and its receptor IGF1R as well as cyclin D1 in PSMCs, all of which could be inhibited by shRNA-mediated knockdown of ER alpha. Furthermore, we found that exogenous IGF1 could not promote cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression in PSMCs subjected to shRNA-mediated knockdown of ER alpha.

In the isolated breast and leg muscles water-holding capacity, thermal drip, colour, basic chemical composition, fatty acids profile were determined and sensory evaluation performed. Amaranth seed supplementation showed no effect on the basic chemical composition of breast and legs muscles and fatty acids profile. Deterioration in the flavor of cooked quail breast muscle was observed with

the higher dosage of the seeds in the diet. Improved muscle tenderness was observed in birds receiving 4% of amaranth seeds in the diet.”
“The paper examines whether there was an excess of deaths and the relative role of temperature see more and ozone in a heatwave during 7-26 February 2004 in Brisbane, Australia, a subtropical city accustomed to warm weather. The data on daily counts of deaths from cardiovascular IWR-1-endo cost disease and non-external causes, meteorological conditions, and air pollution

in Brisbane from 1 January 2001 to 31 October 2004 were supplied by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, and Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, respectively. The relationship between temperature and mortality was analysed using a Poisson time series regression model with smoothing splines to control for nonlinear effects of confounding factors. The highest temperature recorded in the 2004 heatwave was 42A degrees C compared with the highest recorded temperature of 34A degrees C during the same periods of 2001-2003. There was a significant relationship between exposure to heat and excess deaths in the 2004 heatwave [estimated increase in non-external deaths: 75 ([95% confidence interval, CI:

11-138; cardiovascular DNA Damage inhibitor deaths: 41 (95% CI: -2 to 84)]. There was no apparent evidence of substantial short-term mortality displacement. The excess deaths were mainly attributed to temperature but exposure to ozone also contributed to these deaths.”
“Background: Telomerase has been considered as an attractive molecular target for breast cancer therapy. The main objective of this work is to assess the inhibitory effects of silibinin and curcumin, two herbal substances, on telomerase gene expression in breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: For determination of cell viability tetrazolium-based assays were conducted after 24, 48, and 72 h exposure times and expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene was measured with real-time PCR. Results: Each compound exerted cytotoxic effects on T47D cells and inhibited telomerase gene expression, both in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The mixture of curcumin and silibinin showed relatively more inhibitory effect on growth of T47D cells and hTERT gene expression as compared with either agent alone. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cell viability along with hTERT gene expression in breast cancer cells could be reduced by curcumin and silibinin.”
“Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) is composed of A and B sub-chains.

Genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in parallel in pigs, wild boars and other animal species and their zoonotic potential has been confirmed. Until 2010,

these genotypes along with avian HEV strains infecting chicken were the only known representatives of the family Hepeviridae. Thereafter, additional HEV-related viruses have been detected in wild boars, distinct HEV-like viruses were identified in rats, rabbit, ferret, mink, fox, bats and moose, and a distantly related agent was described from closely related salmonid fish. This review summarizes the characteristics selleck products of the so far known HEV-like viruses, their phylogenetic relationship, host association and proposed involvement in diseases. Based on the reviewed knowledge, a suggestion for a new taxonomic grouping scheme of the viruses within the family Hepeviridae is presented. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma accounts for nearly 10% of all gastric carcinomas and has distinct demographic, clinical and pathological features compared with EBV-negative gastric carcinoma. We herein report the case of a patient with EBV-associated gastric carcinoma followed up for 12 years during the natural course of the disease. The appearance of the tumor on gastroscopy and computed tomography gradually changed,

and the size of the lesion increased very slowly during the 12 years, without metastasis. The present case indicates that some Elafibranor research buy EBV-associated gastric carcinomas progress very slowly.”
“Murine light chain 3 (LC3) exists as two isoforms, LC3 alpha and beta: LC3 beta is an RNA-binding P5091 concentration protein that enhances fibronectin (FN) mRNA translation, and is also a marker of autophagy. We report embryonic expression patterns for LC3 alpha and LC3 beta, with some overlap but notable differences in the brain, and in tissues of non-neuronal origin. LC3 beta knockout (-/-) mice develop normally without a compensatory increase in LC3 alpha LC3 beta-/- embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit reduced FN synthesis but maintain wild type (WT) levels of FN protein. No significant changes in proteins associated with

FN turnover, i.e., caveolin-1, LRP-1, or matrix metalloproteinases were identified. Autophagosomes form in amino acid-starved LC3 beta-/-MEFs, and Caesarean-delivered pups survive as long as WT pups without an increase in LC3-related proteins linked to autophagy. These results suggest novel compensatory mechanisms for loss of LC3 beta, ensuring proper FN accumulation and autophagy during fetal and neonatal life.”
“Manipulation of product heterogeneity was attempted by using yeast extract as nitrogen source in Alternaria alternata S-f6 transformation process of 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. When the nitrogen source of NaNO(3) was replaced by yeast extract, the heterogeneity of biotransformation products was significantly varied from a single product (i.e.