Our ultimate goal is to identify the one method that performs best in real-life scenarios,

where information extraction is performed on unseen text and not on specifically prepared evaluation data. We performed a comprehensive EPZ5676 inhibitor benchmarking of nine different methods for PPI extraction that use convolution kernels on rich linguistic information. Methods were evaluated on five different public corpora using cross-validation, cross-learning, and cross-corpus evaluation. Our study confirms that kernels using dependency trees generally outperform kernels based on syntax trees. However, our study also shows that only the best kernel methods can compete with a simple rule-based approach when the evaluation prevents information leakage between training and test corpora. Our results further reveal that the F-score of many approaches drops significantly if no corpus-specific parameter optimization is applied and that methods reaching a good AUC score often perform much worse in terms of F-score. We conclude that for most kernels no sensible estimation of PPI extraction performance on new text is possible, given the current heterogeneity in evaluation data. Nevertheless, our study shows that three kernels are clearly CA3 chemical structure superior to the

other methods.”
“The Brachetto variety is the most important aromatic red grape used for the production of sweet sparkling wines in Italy. The phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics were studied in base and red sweet sparkling wines made from this variety. The present work represents the first study on sparkling wines manufactured with Brachetto grapes. Ro-3306 supplier The amount of pigments extracted in the base wine was low as a consequence of the necessity for short maceration time (48 h) and low alcohol content (< 3.5% v/v).

The second fermentation (prise de mousse) caused a pigment content decrease, accompanied by both a color intensity decrease and a tonality increase. In terms of phenolic compounds and chromatic characteristics, lightly sparkling wines (final bottle pressure < 1.7 bar) agreed with fully sparkling wines (final bottle pressure > 3.0 bar) at the end of the second fermentation and, therefore, the chromatic quality was independent on the winemaking methodology used, excepting for lightness and color intensity.

Response surface methodology was applied to predict the effect of two independent variables, namely time and temperature of storing, on the phenolic composition and chromatic properties in both lightly and fully sparkling wines. So, it is possible to evaluate the development of two types of sweet sparkling wines during their ageing in bottle and their commercial shelf-life. A central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for this purpose. Quantitative changes were observed in the color parameters.

01). Furthermore, the patients with calcium-containing stones (calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate)

had significantly better renal function than those with non-calcium-containing stones (struvite and uric acid, p < 0.01). Patients with urolithiasis had decreased renal function, and the impact of renal function varied depending on the stone components. We conclude that stone analysis is important in predicting the change in renal function in patients with urolithiasis. BMS-777607 ic50 Moreover, the patients with non-calcium-containing stones, such as struvite and uric acid stones, should be carefully evaluated and treated to preserve their renal function. Copyright (C) 2011, Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.”
“. There is no study that follows up longitudinal changes in laboratory data of patients with C-viral chronic liver disease (C-CLD) who achieved sustained virological esponse (SVR) with interferon treatment in a long-term study. We investigated the laboratory data in a long-term retrospective cohort study of 581 patients with C-CLD who underwent liver biopsy between January 1986 and December 2005. 467 were treated with interferon and 207 of these patients achieved SVR with follow-up periods of 8.36 +/- 5.13 years. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, albumin levels, platelet counts, and the aspartate aminotransferase

(AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) values were serially examined during the follow-up period. None of the 207 patients with SVR exhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA positivity more than 6 months after Galunisertib supplier the end of IFN treatment. Platelet counts and albumin levels increased only SBI-0206965 nmr in those with eradication of HCV. APRI values decreased more in patients with SVR than in those with nonsustained virological responses (non-SVR). Patients who achieved SVR and had fibrosis stage 01 and 24 at enrolment had platelet counts that longitudinally increased by 2.81 +/- 3.95 and

5.49 +/- 4.53 x 103/mu L during the 10-year follow-up period, respectively. Albumin levels continuously increased during the first 2 years by 0.15 +/- 0.31 and 0.33 +/- 0.37 in fibrosis stage 01 and 24, respectively and then plateaued. ALT levels decreased rapidly one year after the start of treatment by 110.3 +/- 140.0 and 100.5 +/- 123.4 in fibrosis 01 and 24, respectively. HCV RNA negativity persisted in all patients with SVR, and laboratory data including APRI longitudinally improved during the long-term follow-up period.”
“This study focuses on the roles played by three major functional groups (amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl) in the orange waste biomass for sorption of three heavy metals (Cd(2+) Zn(2+) and Cr(3+)). The biosorbent was chemically modified to block the mentioned functional groups in order to determine their contribution to the adsorption of metals.

Methods. After steroids therapy and subsequent neurologic improvement, operative treatment by a 2-stage posterior stabilization Navitoclax research buy followed by anterior vertebrectomy and fusion was given to a patient with 2-level vertebral sarcoidosis and residual spine instability.

Results. After steroids therapy, the patient had a complete neurologic recovery; satisfactory spinal stability was achieved after surgery.

Conclusion. In the absence of

any spinal instability, neurologic symptoms associated with vertebral sarcoidosis respond satisfactorily to nonoperative treatment with steroids. Progressive neurologic deterioration or spinal instability caused by bone destruction requires operative intervention. Steroids therapy provided neurologic improvement, posterior stabilization combined with anterior vertebrectomy and fusion provided spine stability for the patient in this report.”
“BACKGROUND Ionic liquids are regarded as future effective absorbents of CO2, however high viscosity of this medium limits its use in industry. To resolve the problem a mixture of alkanolamine, ionic liquids and water was proposed as a CO2 absorbent and the influence of solution composition on the volume of CO2 absorbed was determined. RESULTS In most binary mixtures of ionic liquids and water

tasted the presence of water does not affect the overall capacity of absorption mixture except for the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate where each mol of water added to the mixture reduces the volume Fosbretabulin of CO2 that could be absorbed by more than one mole.

The capture of CO2 using three-component systems of water/ionic liquid/monoethanolamine (MEA) was systematically investigated with two selected ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate. It was shown that the volume of CO2 absorbed is linearly dependent on the mass fraction of components for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium buy Silmitasertib octylsulfate over the entire experimental domain whereas in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate the interaction between ionic liquid and water substantially decreases the volume of CO2 absorbed. CONCLUSIONS The best results for CO2 absorption were obtained using the three component system 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate/monoethanolamine/water. Optimization of the composition of an IL-MEA-water mixture allows tuning of the properties of the medium. The CO2 absorption capacity of the mixture is mainly a function of MEA concentration and, to a lesser degree, of the concentration of IL possessing chemisorption abilities. The presence of water decreases the viscosity of the mixture and therefore facilitates the application of IL-based media in industrial applications. (c) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective: Breast cancer fatality rates are high in low- and middle-income countries because of the late stage at diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective medical record and database review of adult inpatients with a hospital stay greater than 24 h.

Results: 198 (15.7%) of 1258 patients with a RRT call, had a pre-existing NFR order. Patients with, compared to those without a pre-existing NFR, were older (median years, 81 vs 70, p < 0.01), similar gender

(males, 56.6% vs 54.3%, p = 0.55), the trigger be the worried criterion (48.5% vs 33.9%, p < 0.01) and have had a prior RRT call (30.8% vs 18.0%, p < 0.01). At time of RRT attendance, NFR patients had a higher respiratory rate (24 vs 20, p < 0.01), lower SaO(2) (93% vs 97%, p = 0.02) and just as likely to receive a critical care (24.2% vs 25.8%, p = 0.63) or ward type (88.9% vs 90.1%, p = 0.61) intervention. NFR patients were less likely to be admitted LY2090314 to an ICU (2.0% vs 9.4%, p < 0.01), more likely to be left on the ward (92.4% vs 80.3%, p < 0.01), and be documented not for further RRT calls (2.5% vs 0.9%, p = 0.06), but have a similar mortality (5.6% Anlotinib cell line vs 3.5%, p = 0.16), at time of RRT call.

Conclusions: RRT calls to patients with pre-existing NFR orders are not uncommon. The worried criterion is more often the trigger, they have abnormal respiratory observations at time of

call, a similar level of intervention, less likely to be admitted to the ICU and more likely to be documented not for further RRT calls. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Human diseases can be caused by complex mechanisms involving aberrations in numerous proteins and pathways. With recent advances in genomics, elucidating the molecular basis of disease on a personalized level has become an attainable goal. In many cases, relevant molecular targets will be identified for which approved drugs learn more already exist, and the potential repositioning of these drugs to a new indication can be investigated. Repositioning is an accelerated route

for drug discovery because existing drugs have established clinical and pharmacokinetic data. Personalized medicine and repositioning both aim to improve the productivity of current drug discovery pipelines, which expend enormous time and cost to develop new drugs, only to have them fail in clinical trials because of lack of efficacy or toxicity. Here, we discuss the current state of research in these two fields, focusing on recent large-scale efforts to systematically find repositioning candidates and elucidate individual disease mechanisms in cancer. We also discuss scenarios in which personalized drug repositioning could be particularly rewarding, such as for diseases that are rare or have specific mutations, as well as current challenges in this field. With an increasing number of drugs being approved for rare cancer subtypes, personalized medicine and repositioning approaches are poised to significantly alter the way we diagnose diseases, infer treatments and develop new drugs.

Drug release profiles (in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) show that the new drug loading technique gives

controlled release during a period of about 7 days at 37 degrees C. By contrast, gel spheres loaded with sodium diclofenac using the conventional diffusion technique produced almost total release of the drug within about 24 h. The thermal stability of sodium diclofenac, the PEG/AMPS-co-NIPA AZD2171 SIPN, and the prodrugs made with the SIPN and sodium diclofenac was studied. A near zero-order release kinetics was found in the in vitro release of sodium diclofenac with in situ loading PEG SIPN prodrug. We have, for the first time, studied sodium diclofenac release behavior from the PEG SIPN hydrogel systems. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2217-2231, 2009″
“We study the effect of the depolarization field on a domain wall structure near the surface of a ferroelectric. Since in real situation bound and screening charges

form an electric double layer, Belinostat inhibitor the breaking of this layer by the domain wall induces stray depolarization field, which in turn changes the domain wall structure. Power law decay of the stray field results in the power law of polarization saturation near the surface, as compared to exponential saturation in the bulk. Obtained results predict that the surface broadening of ferroelectric domain walls appeared near Curie temperature as well as describe domain wall depth profile in weak ferroelectrics. We qualitatively describe extra-broad domain walls near LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 surfaces observed experimentally at room temperature, SN-38 which probably originate at high temperatures but did not fully relax their width with temperature decrease allowing for lattice

pinning and defect centers. Thus results have broad implication for fundamental issues such as maximal information storage density in ferroelectric data storage, domain wall pinning mechanisms at surfaces and interfaces, and nucleation dynamics. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3236644]“
“A nano-composite coating was formed using nano-ZnO as pigment in different concentrations, to a specially developed alkyd-based waterborne coating. The nano-ZnO modified composite coatings were applied on mild steel substrate by dipping. The dispersion of nano-ZnO particles in coating system was investigated by scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic techniques. The effect of the addition of these nanopigments on the electrochemical behavior of the coating was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Coating modified with higher concentration of nano-ZnO particles showed comparatively better performance as was evident from the pore resistance (R(po)) and coating capacitance (C(c)) values after 30 days of exposure.

For example, HDX has been used to determine a novel mechanism of ligand activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, perform detailed analyses of binding modes of ligands within the ligand-binding pocket of two estrogen receptor isoforms, providing insight into selectivity, and helped classify different types of estrogen Sapitinib receptor-alpha ligands by correlating their pharmacology with the way they interact with the receptor based solely on hierarchical clustering of receptor HDX signatures. Beyond small-molecule-receptor interactions, this technique has also been

applied to study protein-protein complexes, such as mapping antibody-antigen interactions. In this article, we summarize the current state of the differential HDX approaches and the future outlook. We summarize how HDX analysis of protein-ligand interactions has had an impact on biology and drug discovery.”
“OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible relationship between the osteoporotic condition and the severity of periodontitis in women aged 45-70 years.

MATERIALS AND AR-13324 METHODS: Ninety women with generalized chronic periodontitis,

aged 45-70 years, were studied. Areal bone mineral density (BMDa) was assessed using standardized dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (normal: T-score) 1, osteopenic: -2.5 <= T-score www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-173074.html <-1, osteoporotic: T-score < -2.5). Gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. Periodontitis severity was represented by CAL. Menopausal condition and smoking were documented.

RESULTS: Mean GI, bleeding on

probing, CAL and GR were significantly greater for osteoporotic women than women with normal BMDa (P = 0.002, P = 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Osteopenic women and women with normal BMDa significantly differed in mean GI (P = 0.02). The associations found between osteoporotic women and women with normal BMDa and the associations found between osteopenic women and women with normal BMDa existed even after adjusting for smoking and menopausal status.

CONCLUSION: Subjects with osteoporosis (OPR) presented with greater CAL than the subjects with normal BMDa, which suggests a greater severity of periodontitis. Subjects with OPR had greater GR than the subjects with normal BMDa. Subjects with osteopenia and subjects with normal BMDa did not differ in CAL, which might suggest that the early diagnosis of reduced BMDa, prior to the establishment of a significant negative impact on the periodontal tissues, might be important. Smoking and menopausal status did not alter these associations.

88, p < 0.001) and in older adults (HR 0.89, p < 0.001), but an increased mortality in non-ECD-benefit registrants (HR 1.11, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ECD listing practices are widely varied and not consistent with published recommendations, a pattern that may disenfranchise certain transplant registrants.”
“Vitamin D is important for bone metabolism and neuromuscular function. While a routine dosage is often proposed in osteoporotic patients, it is not so evident in rheumatology outpatients where it has been shown that the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is high. The aim of the current study was to systematically

evaluate the vitamin D status in our outpatient buy Napabucasin rheumatology population to define the severity of the problem according to rheumatologic diseases. During November 2009, all patients were offered a screening test for 25-OH vitamin D levels and categorised as deficient (< 10 mu g/l [ng/ml] [25 nmol/l]), insufficient (10 mu g/l to 30 mu g/l [25 to 75 nmol/l]) or normal (> 30 mu g/l [75 nmol/l]). A total of 272 patients were included. The mean 25-OH vitamin D level was 21 mu g/l (range 1.5 to 45.9). A total of 20 patients had vitamin D deficiency, 215 patients had an insufficiency and 37 patients had normal results. In the group of patients with osteoporosis mean level of 25-OH vitamin D was 25 mu g/l and 31% had normal results. In patients with inflammatory Selleckchem FK228 rheumatic diseases (N = 219), the mean level of 25-OH

vitamin D was 20.5 mu g/l, and only 12% had normal 25-OH vitamin D levels. In the small group of patients with degenerative disease (N = 33), the mean level of 25-OH vitamin D was 21.8 mu g/l, and 21% had normal results. Insufficiency and deficiency were even seen in 38% of the patients who were taking supplements. These results confirm that hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent in an outpatient population of rheumatology patients, affecting 86% of subjects. Despite oral supplementation

(taken in 38% of our population), only a quarter of those on oral supplementation attained normal values of 25-OH vitamin D.”
“Background: Malaria vector control in Africa depends upon effective insecticides in bed nets and indoor residual sprays. This study investigated the extent of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis in western Kenya where ownership Fer-1 clinical trial of insecticide-treated bed nets has risen steadily from the late 1990s to 2010. Temporal and spatial variation in the frequency of a knock down resistance (kdr) allele in A. gambiae s.s. was quantified, as was variation in phenotypic resistance among geographic populations of A. gambiae s.l.

Methods: To investigate temporal variation in kdr frequency, individual specimens of A. gambiae s.s. from two sentinel sites were genotyped using RT-PCR from 1996-2010. Spatial variation in kdr frequency, species composition, and resistance status were investigated in additional populations of A.

Inhibition of ROK using HA1077 and Y-27632 mimicked the properties of toxin B. Expression of a ROK mutant drastically reduced migration. Conclusions:G protein-coupled receptors potently stimulated cell migration selleck inhibitor in 124 and J82 cells. Rho proteins and ROK play a pivotal role in this signaling cascade. Rho and ROK may be putative targets for new therapy options in bladder cancer. Copyright (c) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“To study the anti-athletic fatigue effects of Schizandra chinensis aqueous extracts (SCAE), Forty Kunming male mice were randomized into 5 groups (CG, LDG, MDG, IHDG and HDG) equally based on body mass after one week adoption. The control group

(CG) was given distilled water and LDG, MDG, IHDG and HDG were given various doses of SCAE (15, 30, 50 and 80 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days, respectively. GS-9973 cell line Swimming time, lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured in the forced swimming treated mice. Results showed that SCAE had

significant anti-athletic fatigue effects on mice. It extended the swimming time, increased concentration of the Hb, prevent the increase in lactate and BUN concentrations. In addition, acute toxicity studies revealed that SCAE did not exhibit any toxic symptoms in the limited toxicity evaluation in mice.”
“The early stage soldering reaction, reflow for 5 s at 250 degrees C followed by a liquid nitrogen quench, of Sn-3.5Ag on an electroplated Ni substrate gives rise to a Ni dissolution zone, an amorphous Ni-Sn diffusion zone, and nuclei of NiSn intermetallic compound within the interfacial region. The nucleation of NiSn takes place at the interface between the dissolution zone and the amorphous diffusion zone as well as within the amorphous Ni-Sn

diffusion zone, producing 10 nm nanocrystallites. High resolution transmission electron microscope observations indicate that NiSn is the preliminary intermetallic compound that forms during the soldering reaction. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3484493]“
“Purpose: To investigate the effects of vardenafil learn more HCl on testicular germ cell apoptosis and the expressions of iNOS and eNOS within the bilateral testes after unilateral torsion/detorsion (T/D) in a pig model. Methods: 12 male pigs weighing 50-55 kg were divided randomly into three groups (n = 4). Sham operation and T/D was performed in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 3 underwent T/D and received vardenafil (0.4 mg/kg) orally 45 min before detorsion. The testes were left in torsion for 2 h. In all groups, both testes were removed 8 h after the operation for histopathological analysis. Results: Except for group 1, the histopathologic parameters of the ipsilateral testes were higher than in the contralateral testes, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

0%, positive predictive value of 40%, and a negative predictive value of 82% in identifying which of the patients subsequently delivered prematurely. Conclusions These results suggest that low urocortin-1 concentration in midtrimester amniotic fluid could be used as an indicative marker of preterm birth.”
“A simple HPLC method was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in rat after intravenous administration. The plasma

samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile after addition of the internal standard, netilmicin. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C18 column after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) in borate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.5) for 15 min at 25 degrees C. The mobile phase was water-acetonitrile (6:94, v/v) at a flow rate GS-9973 price of 1.0 mL/min. The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths were 265 and 315 nm, respectively. The method was linear over the range of 0.12-10.48 mu g/mL for tobramycin in plasma. The limit of detection was 0.074 mu g/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of tobramycin were both less than 6%. Both derivatives were stable in the reaction solution for 24 h at room temperature. This assay had been successfully applied to the in vivo kinetic study of tobramycin in rats.”
“The purpose of this study was to evaluate both, clinically and with electroencephalographic

(EEG) recordings, the effect of gold wire implants in acupuncture points in dogs with uncontrolled idiopathic epileptic seizures. Fifteen dogs with such diagnosis were enrolled in the study. A first EEG recording was performed in all dogs under anaesthesia with xylazine (1 ATM/ATR inhibitor mg/kg)

and propofol (6 mg/kg) before the treatment protocol, and a second EEG was performed 15 weeks later. Relative frequency power, intrahemispheric coherence available through EEG, number of seizures and seizure severity were compared before and after treatment using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There were no significant statistical differences before and after treatment in relative power or in intrahemispheric coherence in the EEG recording. However, there was a significant inean difference in seizure frequency and seizure severity between control and treatment periods. After treatment, SNS-032 in vitro nine of the 15 dogs (60%) had at least a 50% reduction in seizures frequency during the 15 weeks established as follow-up of this treatment. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the new gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) criteria increase the prevalence of diabetes-mellitus-related stillbirths by using a regional population-based approach. Material and Methods A retrospective, population-based study was conducted to assess 114036 deliveries from 2000 to 2010 in Miyazaki, Japan. During this period 318 stillbirths occurred after 22 weeks of gestation. Of these cases, 236 were examined to determine the cause of death. The remaining 82 cases were not fully investigated.

Semen samples from 1002 patients were analysed for morphology and motility using CASA. Protamine status and DNA fragmentation were analysed

by chromomycin A3 staining and sperm chromatin dispersion assay respectively.

Sperms with elongated, thin, round, pyri, amorphous, micro and macro forms were significantly higher in teratozoospermic and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic groups. Significant difference in chromatin packing and DNA fragmentation index was observed in these abnormal groups compared with normal. Similarly significant correlation was also seen between abnormal motility parameters and DNA fragmentation index in asthenozoospermic group compared with normal.

Specific abnormal morphological Selleck C59 wnt forms have higher incidence of chromatin packing abnormalities and DNA fragmentation. Using FK866 these sperms in ICSI might have an impact on fertilization, embryo development and abortion rates. These can be selectively

avoided during ICSI procedure to improve ART outcome.”
“Many algae, particularly microalgae, possess a sophisticated light-sensing system including photoreceptors and light-modulated signaling pathways to sense environmental information and secure the survival in a rapidly changing environment. Over the last couple of years, the multifaceted world of algal photobiology has enriched our understanding of the light absorption mechanisms and in vivo function of photoreceptors. Moreover, specific light-sensitive modules have already paved the way for the development of optogenetic tools to generate light switches for precise and spatial control of signaling pathways in individual cells and even in complex biological systems.”
“Cyanoethylation of lupane triterpenoids was performed. Amide oximes of 3 beta-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-betulinic acid methyl ester and 3 beta-O-acetyl-28-O-(2-cyanoethyl)betulin and the corresponding O-[2-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)ethyl] lupane derivatives were obtained.”
“OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of tranexamic acid for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding.

METHODS:

Adult women with heavy menstrual bleeding (mean menstrual blood loss 80 mL or more per cycle) were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After two pretreatment menstrual cycles, women were randomized to receive tranexamic acid 3.9 g/d or hypoxia-inducible factor pathway placebo for up to 5 days per menstrual cycle through six cycles. To meet the prespecified three-component primary efficacy end point, mean reduction in menstrual blood loss from baseline with tranexamic acid treatment needed to be 1) significantly greater than placebo, 2) greater than 50 mL, and 3) greater than a predetermined meaningful threshold (36 mL or higher). Health-related quality of life was measured using a validated patient-reported outcome instrument.

RESULTS: Women who received tranexamic acid (n=115) met all three primary efficacy end points: first, a significantly greater reduction in menstrual blood loss of -69.