The concentration of DNA in the samples was determined using a multi-mode microplate reader BioTek Synergy™ 2 (BioTek Instruments, Inc., VT, USA). PCR amplification was performed
in a 20 μl reaction volume containing 1 × Premix Ex Taq version (TaKaRa), 5 μM each of the oligonucleotide primers, and 5–10 ng of template DNA. The PCR amplification of the int gene was carried out with the primers Int-F and Int-R (Table 2) under the following buy ARRY-438162 conditions: initial denaturation of 95°C for 300s was followed by 30 cycles consisting of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, primer annealing at 55°C for 30s, and elongation at 72°C for 1 min, followed by final elongation at 72°C for 5 min. The other PCR reactions were performed with appropriate annealing temperatures and elongation time according to melting temperatures of primer pairs and predicted lengths of PCR products. Long-range PCR amplification was performed using Takara LA Taq kit (Takara) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. All amplifications were performed in a Mastercycler® pro PCR thermal cycler (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). A sample (5 μl) of each amplification reaction was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Amplified DNA fragments
were visualized under short-wavelength UV light (260 nm) and imaged by UVP EC3 Imaging systems (UVP LLC, CA, USA). The attL and attR junction sequences and hotspots (HS1 to HS4) of the ICEs analyzed in this study were individually amplified by PCR with the designed primer pairs BCKDHB find more complementary to the corresponding https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD8931.html sequences and boundary genes of SXT (GenBank: AY055428) (Table 2). The prfC, traI, traC, setR, traG, eex, rumBA genes and the circular extrachromosomal form of the ICEs were individually amplified with the primers described in the
literature [8, 9, 31, 39, 43] (Table 2). Sequence analyses Automated DNA sequencing was carried out using ABI 3730XL capillary sequencer (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA) and BigDye® terminator version 3.1 cycle sequencing kit (Perkin-Elmer, MA, USA) at the China Human Genome Centre (Shanghai, China). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology and Services Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The sequences from complementing DNA strands were determined, and assembled into full length contigs by using the ContigExpress software (http://www.contigexpress.com). Putative functions were inferred by using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST) and ORF finder (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gorf). Multiple sequence alignments were performed using the ClustalW2 software (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalw2) [49]. The neighbor-joining method in the molecular evolutionary genetic analysis software package MEGA (version 4.0) [50] was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. A bootstrap analysis with 1000 replicates was carried out to check the reliability of the tree.