Such changes reflect

alteration in the balance between airway wall distensibility and radial traction exerted on airways by surrounding lung parenchyma favoring airway narrowing.”
“Background: We have previously shown that nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) specifically promotes the induction of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) by these cells. In the present studies we hypothesized SC79 price that treatment of immunocompetent mice with bortezomib tailored to inhibit cancer cell NF-kappa B activation and not proliferation specifically inhibits MPE formation by LLC cells.\n\nResults: Treatment of LLC cells with low concentrations of bortezomib (100 ng/ml) inhibited NF-kappa B activation and NF-kappa B-dependent

transcription, but not cellular proliferation. Bortezomib treatment Selleckchem R406 of immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC-induced subcutaneous tumors and MPEs significantly blocked tumor-specific NF-kappa B activation. However, bortezomib treatment did not impair subcutaneous LLC tumor growth, but was effective in limiting LLC-induced MPE. This specific effect was evidenced by significant reductions in effusion accumulation and the associated mortality and was observed with both preventive ( beginning before MPE formation) and therapeutic ( beginning after MPE establishment) bortezomib treatment. The favorable impact of bortezomib on MPE was associated with suppression of cardinal MPE-associated phenomena, such as inflammation, vascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. In this regard, therapeutic bortezomib treatment had identical favorable results on MPE compared with preventive treatment, indicating that the drug specifically counteracts effusion formation.\n\nConclusions: These studies indicate that proteasome inhibition tailored to block NF-kappa B activation of lung adenocarcinoma specifically

targets the effusion-inducing phenotype of this tumor. Although the drug THZ1 concentration has limited activity against advanced solid lung cancer, it may prove beneficial for patients with MPE.”
“The mechanical properties of titanium-alloy aneurysm clips after long-term implantation in the human cranium are unclear. The characteristics of a Yasargil titanium aneurysm clip were evaluated after long-term implantation for 12 years in a patient with a cerebral aneurysm. The closing forces of the retrieved clip before and after implantation were approximately equal. The bending test showed no differences between the retrieved and control clips. Titanium oxide and calcium were identified on the surface of the retrieved clip, which indicated the formation of corrosion-resistant layers. Titanium-alloy clips retain their mechanical properties in the human cranium for a long time. (DOI: 10.3171/2009.9.