Lee JV, Lai S, Exner M, Lenz J, Gaia V, Casati S, Hartemann P, Luck C, Pangon B, Ricci ML, Scaturro M, Fontana S, Sabria M, Sanchez I, Assaf S, Surman-Lee S: An international trial of quantitative PCR for monitoring Legionella in artificial water systems. J Appl Microbiol 2011,110(4):1032–1044. 17. Walker JT, Mackerness CW, Mallon D, Makin T, Williets T, Keevil CW: Control of Legionella pneumophila in a hospital water system by chlorine dioxide. J Ind Microbiol 1995,15(4):384–390.PubMedCrossRef click here 18. Yanez MA, Nocker A, Soria-Soria E, Murtula R, Martinez

L, Catalan V: Quantification of viable Legionella pneumophila cells using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative PCR. J Microbiol Methods 2011,85(2):124–130.PubMedCrossRef 19. Nogva HK, Drømtorp SM, Nissen H, Rudi K: Ethidium monoazide for DNA-based differentiation of viable and dead bacteria by 5′nuclease PCR. Biotechniques 2003,34(4):804–808.PubMed Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions LHK: Was involved in the decision CH5424802 chemical structure making on choosing the locality of apartments and tap locations. Collected most samples. Helped during concentration and cultivation of samples. Purified

DNA from samples and tested them on qPCR. Had the main responsibility and workload of all data analyses. Was active in the interpretation of the results. Wrote the article. Has read and approved the final manuscript. SU: Has participated actively in all parts filipin of the process. Responsible for the diagnostics of patients and environmental isolates together with unravelling the source of infection. Responsible for the culture analysis of water samples. Involved in decisions about choosing the locality of apartments and tap locations. Involved in preparation

of the manuscript. Has read and approved the final manuscript. KAK: Contributed to designing the study, involved in discussing the results and building the article. Has read and approved the final manuscript. HANA: Contributed to planning, judging and interpretation of the results and building the article. Has read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background The marine green alga Bryopsis has long been suspected to harbor endogenous bacteria. These intracellular bacteria have been repeatedly observed in the cytoplasm as well as vacuolar regions of algal thalli and gametes by electron microscopy [[1, 2] and personal observations see additional file 1], suggesting the presence of bacterial endophytes within Bryopsis is a natural phenomenon. Recently, the first insights were provided into the identity and diversity of these bacterial endophytes within two Bryopsis species from the Pacific Mexican coast [3]. Full length 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the Bryopsis endophytic bacterial communities are quite low in diversity (i.e.