We will argue that animals have the capacity for recollection and that the hippocampus plays a central and selective role in binding information in the service of recollective memory. Then
we will consider examples of transitive inference, a paradigm that requires the integration of overlapping memories and flexible use of the resulting relational memory networks for generating predictions in novel situations. Our data show that animals have the capacity for transitive inference and that the hippocampus plays a central role in the ability to predict outcomes selleck products of events that have not yet occurred.”
“We have investigated the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors (FETs). The relationship between the hysteresis width and channel CNT density was studied for FETs of spun-on random network CNTs. The hysteresis width in the transfer characteristics decreases with an increase in the channel CNT density. To explain this relationship, we carried out simulations combining two models such as: the hysteresis model and the gate electric field model. Considering the finite channel thickness and trap-assisted tunneling current, the simulation described the experiments well. The simulation implies the possibility of reducing hysteresis by relaxing
the strong gate electric field at the CNT surface. We also discuss other possibilities of hysteresis reduction on FETs whose channels are of nanoscale cylindrical material. see more (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3402971]“
“In order to identify novel genes encoding enzymes involved in the terminal step Selleck Birinapant of triacylglycerol (TAG) formation, a database search was carried out in the genome of the unicellular photoautotrophic
green alga Ostreococcus tauri. The search led to the identification of three putative type 2 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-like sequences (DGAT; EC 2.3.1.20), and revealed the absence of any homolog to type 1 or type 3 DGAT sequence in the genome of O. tauri. For two of the cDNA sequences (OtDGAT2A and B) enzyme activity was detected by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains with impaired TAG metabolism. However, activity of OtDGAT2A was too low for further analysis. Analysis of their amino acid sequences showed that they share limited identity with other DGAT2 from different plant species, such as Ricinus communis and Vernicia fordii with similar to 25 to 30% identity. Lipid analysis of the mutant yeast cells revealed that OtDGAT2B showed broad substrate specificity accepting saturated as well as mono- and poly-unsaturated acyl-CoAs as substrates. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Recordings of rat hippocampal place cells have provided information about how the hippocampus retrieves memory sequences. One line of evidence has to do with phase precession, a process organized by theta and gamma oscillations.