This was confirmed shortly thereafter using a larger database (n=1119).73 However, the predictive power of neuroticism in the latter study accounted for a trivial 1.1% of the total variance in outcome, raising questions regarding the clinical relevance of this finding. Rush et al43,41,74 did not find the presence of pretreatment anxiety or insomnia to confer a better or poorer prognosis during treatment with the

noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) bupropion. However, a more recent, analysis involving 10 randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing bupropion with an SSRI for MDD did reveal a greater likelihood of clinical response following Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical treatment, with an SSRI than bupropion among patients

with anxious MDD (moderator).75 Sir et al39 and Davidson et al76 did not find that, the presence of an anxious Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical subtype of MDD or anxious symptoms in MDD had influenced the likelihood of responding to venlafaxine in MDD, although Silverstone and Salinas77 found a slower onset of antidepressant effects among venlafaxinc-trcated patients with MDD and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) than those without, comorbid GAD, and patients with anxious depression, as defined by elevated scores Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical on the HDRSAS scale, were significantly less likely to remit, following venlafaxine treatment in Level 2 of STAR*D.45 However, postmenopausal women with MDD who were not on hormone-replacement therapy were found to be much more likely to attain remission of MDD following treatment with the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical venlafaxine than an SSRI than either premenopausal women or postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy in one study.78 Kornstein et al79 did not find either age nor gender to influence efficacy INCB028050 datasheet outcome following treatment with the SNRI duloxetine. Mallinckrodt et al80 did not Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical find the presence of a melancholic subtype to influence efficacy outcome following treatment with duloxetine. However, greater MDD severity was found to predict a greater likelihood of attaining remission of depression following treatment with the SNRI duloxetine than the SSRIs fluoxetine and paroxetine in MDD (moderator).81 Biologic factors To date, numerous studies have explored several potential genetic markers Sitaxentan of outcome during the acute phase of treatment of MDD. The majority of these studies stem from one of two fields: genetics and neurophysiology. Due to the paucity of reports focusing on non-SSRI agents, biologic factors will be reviewed according to field (ie, genetics versus neurophysiology) rather than class (ie, SSRI versus non-SSRI treatment). Genetic markers A number of reports explore various genetic markers as predictors of clinical response to antidepressants in MDD.