Therefore, the purpose of this study was: (1) to assess the long-term intake of the Belgian population for eight phthalates considering different exposure scenarios
(benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP); di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP); dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP); di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); diethyl phthalate (DEP); diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP); dimethyl phthalate Selleckchem Stem Cell Compound Library (DMP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP)); (2) to evaluate the intake of BBP, DnBP. DEP and DEHP against tolerable daily intake (TDI) values; and (3) to assess the contribution of the different food groups to the phthalate intake. The intake assessment was performed using two Belgian food consumption databases, one with consumption data of preschool children (2.5 to 6.5 years old) and another of adults (>= 15 years old), combined with a database of phthalate concentrations measured in over 550 food products sold on the Belgian market. Phthalate intake was calculated using the
‘Monte Carlo Risk Assessment’ programme (MCRA 7.0). The intake of DEHP was the highest, followed by DiBP. The intake of BBP, DnBP and DEP was far below the TDI for both children and adults. However, SC79 chemical structure for DEHP, the 99th percentile of the intake distribution of preschoolers in the worst case exposure scenario was equal to 80% of the TDI, respectively. This is not negligible, since other exposure routes of DEHP exist for children as well (e.g. mouthing of toys). Bread was the most important contributor to the DEHP intake and this may deserve further exploration,
since the origin of this phthalate in bread remains unclear. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND
The midline forehead flap is used in the reconstruction of large, deep defects of the medial canthal area and lower eyelid. Drawbacks are a cosmetically unfavorable skin bulge at the nasal bridge and obliteration of the natural medial canthal concavity, requiring correction in a second stage.
OBJECTIVE
We adopted a modification R406 purchase of the technique to avoid these drawbacks.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records and photographs of patients who received the tunneled midline forehead flap procedure in the repair of medial canthal defects and in the anterior lamellar repair of eyelid defects. The forehead flap was elevated in the subdermal plane, and the pedicle was deepithelialized and transferred through a subgaleal tunnel from the pivot point of the flap into the primary defect.
RESULTS
Nine patients had defects of the medial canthal area, medial part of the eyelids, or both after surgical removal of malignant tumors. Follow-up ranged from 5 months to 6.1 years (mean 2.1 years, median 11 months). In all cases, flap viability was maintained, globe protection was achieved, and the concave architecture of the medial canthus was preserved.
CONCLUSION
The tunneled midline forehead flap can be an advantageous single-stage technique in medial canthal and medial eyelid repair.