The strong sequence identity suggests that moojenin belongs to the PIIIb subclass of SVMPs, which undergo autolysis/proteolysis in the spacer region to release a fragment consisting of disintegrin-like

and cysteine-rich domains. The authors thank Dr Danielle Reis Napolitano for correcting the English. This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Sunitinib nmr de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Ministério de Ciências e Tecnologia (MCT) of Brazil. “
“Snake venoms of the genus Lachesis comprise a complex mixture of pharmacologically active substances, such as metalloproteases ( Rucavado et al., 1999), phospholipases A2 ( Ferreira et al., 2009), serine proteases ( Magalhães et al., 1997) and other important enzymes. The venom of Lachesis muta, from Brazil ( Campbell & Lamar, 1989), contains l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO; EC 1.4.3.2), but its functional and structural characterization has not been performed ( Sanchez and Magalhães, 1991). This venom induces tissue damage, nausea, vomiting, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, shock, and, in severe cases, death due to neurotoxic, hemorrhagic and coagulant activities of this complex mixture of pharmacologically active substances ( Jorge this website et al., 1997). LAAOs are homodimeric

flavoenzymes that catalyze the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l-amino acids by reduction of cofactor FAD. This reaction generates an intermediate

imino acid which produces ammonia and the corresponding α-keto acid. Selleckchem Palbociclib In a parallel reaction, the reoxidation of cofactor FAD by molecular oxygen generates hydrogen peroxide (Massey and Curti, 1967; Curti et al., 1992; Sun et al., 2010). According to Du and Clemetson (2002), snake venom LAAOs (svLAAO) have 110–150 kDa when determined by gel filtration, or 50–70 kDa as judged by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). To exert their activity, LAAOs may be organized as dimers, therefore with molar mass between 110 and 150 kDa. Pawelek et al. (2000) showed that Calloselasma rhodostoma LAAO is a homodimer of 55 kDa monomers. Furthermore, svLAAOs may be acidic or basic proteins, showing isoelectric points ranging from 4.4 to 8.5 ( Ahn et al., 1997; Curti et al., 1992; Du and Clemetson, 2002). Some svLAAO crystal structures have been determined ( Moustafa et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2004) revealing a functional dimer in which each monomer consists of a FAD-binding domain, a substrate-binding domain and a helical domain that is involved in protein dimerization. Concerning enzymatic properties, different svLAAOs have shown a preference for hydrophobic l-amino acids. This catalytic profile has been observed with LAAOs from Naja naja oxiana ( Samel et al., 2008), Bothrops pirajai ( Izidoro et al., 2006) and C. rhodostoma ( Ande et al., 2008).