The monoaminooxidase inhibitor phenelzine was shown to be as effective as clomipramine in a double-blind trial in OCD patients,80 while in another one it was no better than placebo.81 A double-blind study with St John’s wort (hypericum perforatum) failed to support efficacy for OCD.82 Trazodone, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and SRI, had shown Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical symptomatic improvements in case series in clomipramine-resistant OCD patients83 and in augmentation of SSRIs.84 However, a double-blind study indicated that trazodone in monotherapy lacks substantial antiobsessive effects.85 For selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors venlaf

axine and duloxetine, reliable placebo-controlled trials are still absent. In a double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and paroxetine in primary OCD patients no significant differences with regard to response or responder rates were shown.86 In a single -blind study, venlafaxine was as efficacious as clomipramine in the acute treatment of OCD.87 In an open retrospective investigation in treatment-resistant OCD beneficial Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical effects Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of venlafaxine were demonstrated.88 According to case series and reports switching from SSRI to duloxetine in treatment-resistant OCD patients may be helpful.89,90

For the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, successful augmentation of citalopram was reported in a single case.91 For augmentation of SSRIs with pindolol, a 5-HT1A and (3-adrenergic antagonist, a double-blind placebo-controlled trial found significant improvement of OCD symptoms in treatment resistant patients,92 while an open trial only showed such effects after supplemental addition of tryptophan.93 After double-blind primary addition of pindolol versus placebo to fluvoxamine, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the latency of antiobsessional response to the SSRI was not shortened.94 A double -blind study of adjuvant buspirone, a 5-HT1A partial agonist, in OCD patients,

who had shown to some extent an effect of clomipramine, did not yield significant further clinical improvement.95 For lithium two double-blind augmentation studies have been published that Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical do not support its usefulness in OCD. In fluvoxamine -refractory patients, a small though statistically significant reduction of OCD symptoms was reported, but the authors Phosphoprotein phosphatase doubted the clinical meaningfulness of these findings.96 A crossover study with adjuvant lithium or thyroid hormone in clomipraminetreated patients showed no significant change of OCD symptoms after either treatment.97 Benzodiazepine and opioid receptor ligands have been tested in OCD. A double-blind combination study of clonazepam with sertraline did not reveal significant effects during 12 weeks of treatment.98 While in a double-blind crossover study clonazepam in monotherapy produced a significant www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html decrement in OCD symptoms during the first 3 weeks of treatment,99 it was found to be without effect in a 10-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial.