The majority (similar to 80%) of the parent axons in the proximal root of the trigeminal ganglion that innervated either molar or incisor pulp were small myelinated fibers (<20 mu m(2) cross-sectional area). The remaining similar to 20% of the fibers were almost exclusively large myelinated for the

molar pulp and unmyelinated for the incisor pulp. The majority of neuronal somata in the trigeminal ganglion that innervated either molar (48%) or incisor pulp (62%) were medium in size (300-600 mu m(2) cross-sectional area). Large somata (>600 mu m(2)) constituted 34% and 20% of the trigeminal neurons innervating molar and incisor pulp, respectively, while small somata (<300 mu m(2)) constituted 17% of the molar and 18% of the incisor neurons. The present study revealed that the morphology find more of parent axons of dental primary sensory neurons may differ from that of their intradental branches, and also suggests that the nerve fiber function may be carried out differently in the molar and learn more incisor pulp in the rat. (C) 2009 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background Alcohol is an important determinant of the

high and fluctuating adult mortality rates in Russia, but cause-specific detail is lacking. Our case-control study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on male and female cause-specific mortality.

Methods In three Russian industrial cities with typical 1990s mortality patterns (Tomsk, Bamaul, Biysk), the addresses of 60416 residents who had died at ages 15-74 years in 1990-2001 were visited in 2001-05. Family members were present for 50 066 decedents; for 48 557 (97%), the family gave proxy information on the decedents’ past alcohol use and on potentially confounding Acetophenone factors. Cases (n=43082) were those certified as dying from causes we judged beforehand might be substantially affected by alcohol or tobacco; controls were the other 5475 decedents. Case versus control relative risks (RRs; calculated as odds ratios by confounder-adjusted logistic regression) were calculated in ever-drinkers, defining the reference category by two

criteria: usual weekly consumption always less than 0.5 half-litre bottles of vodka (or equivalent in total alcohol content) and maximum consumption of spirits in 1 day always less than 0.5 half-litre bottles. Other ever-drinkers were classified by usual weekly consumption into three categories: less than one, one to less than three, and three or more (mean 5.4 [SD 1.4]) bottles of vodka or equivalent.

Findings In men, the three causes accounting for the most alcohol-associated deaths were accidents and violence (RR 5.94, 95% CI 5.35-6.59, in the highest consumption category), alcohol poisoning (21.68, 17.94-26.20), and acute ischaemic heart disease other than myocardial infarction (3.04, 2.73-3.39), which includes some misclassified alcohol poisoning. There were significant excesses of upper aerodigestive tract cancer (3.48, 2.84-4.