The fixation method influenced strongly the immunofluorescence pattern of the M1 protein. The M1 protein was distributed uniformly in both the cytoplasm and in nuclei when cells that had been infected with virus were fixed with paraformaldehyde. In cells that had been fixed with methanol, however, nuclear dots of the M1 protein were clearly visible. The dots were evident at 8 h

post-inoculation. Up to 6 h post-inoculation, only a diffuse distribution of the M1 protein was observed. The dots were co-localized with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, a major component of nuclear domain 10 (ND10), also called PML oncogenic domains (PODs) or PML-nuclear bodies (NBs). These results indicate that the nuclear dots of the M1 protein in cells that had been fixed with methanol are

Z-IETD-FMK in vivo not artifacts of the fixation method. Furthermore, methanol fixation is preferred for localization of the influenza M1 protein in nuclei using immunostaining. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“MORE THAN 1000 years ago, Rhazes practiced rudimentary neurology. This monumental physician wrote more than 200 books in his lifetime and died a blind pauper in the 10th century AD. His Kitab al-Hawi (Liber Continens) see more was one of the most famous and detailed medical texts of the ancient world. Here, we discuss the life of Rhazes and provide perhaps the first English translation of his writings dealing with facial palsy (Lagveh) and its treatment. It is the contributions of early clinicians/scholars such as Rhazes on which we base our current medical knowledge.”
“Human parainfluenza virus no (HPIV) types I and 3 are major viral pathogens responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The diagnosis of these two species is achieved generally by specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain (RT-PCR) reaction methods. In this study, a real-time RT-PCR was developed using a common pair of primers-probe (HPIV-1+3) for the simultaneous detection of both HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 genomes. Results obtained in a 10-fold dilution series assay demonstrate a high sensitivity of the assay with a lowest detection limit of approximately

one plasmid copy for both HPIV-1 and HPIV-3. A comparison of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 clinical sample detection between specific HPIV-1 /HPIV-3 pairs of primers-probes and the HPIV-1+3 combination clearly shows that the latter is significantly more sensitive (gain of about five threshold cycles) than the former for HPIV-3 detection, while equivalent values are observed for HPIV-1 The HPIV-1+3 combination constitutes a more rapid, more sensitive, and less expensive alternative than classical or multiplex real-time RT-PCR assays usually used in clinical laboratories. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common form of intracranial hemorrhage that is known to recur in up to one-fifth of treated patients.