The clinical research sites were multidisciplinary outpatient clinics that offer brain health assessment and treatment services (such as EEG testing) for any medical condition. Expert clinicians at each site completed diagnostic interviews and were

blinded to the results of the BRISC and other self-report assessments. Recruitment This retrospective study recruited participants through advertising and self-referral. Inclusion criteria were in regard to the capacity to undergo a computerized test: reading at Year 5 level (equivalent to Year 6 in England and fifth grade in the United States), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical normal (or corrected to normal) vision, and ability to use a keyboard. The protocol received unlike independent ethics committee Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical or institutional review board approval before recruitment of participants. All participants signed and dated an approved informed consent form. Where participants consented, these data have also been made available for open sharing and secondary analysis by the research community (Gordon et al. 2005, 2008). All research is in compliance with the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). Main measures The assessment of behavioral health status At the testing site, participants Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical first completed a computer battery of detailed

questions to provide an independent determination of behavioral health status. This assessment comprised established items to assess current or lifetime psychiatric and neurological conditions (Table 1). Stepwise stratification logic was used to determine “clinical” versus “healthy” behavioral health according to the criteria summarized in Figure Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 1. Figure 1 Summary of the criteria for independent classification of “good” versus “poor” brain health status. Table 1 Summary items Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical used in the independent assessment of clinical versus healthy status The BRISC After the assessment of behavioral

health status, yet in the same testing session, participants completed the 45-question BRISC (Appendix 1) via computer, which took about 10 min to complete. The results provided one score for risk (negativity bias) and Batimastat two scores for coping (emotional resilience and social skills; Rowe et al. 2007; Williams et al. 2008). As indicated in Appendix 1, the 15-question mini version of the BRISC is made up of the five highest-loading BRISC items for each of the core content domains: negativity bias, emotional resilience, and social skills. Responses to each BRISC question were made on a scale of 1–5, with 5 representing higher functioning (less risk, better coping). We summed the responses for negativity bias, for emotional resilience, and for social skills (raw scores are shown in Appendix 2 for the 45-question BRISC and Appendix 3 for the mini-BRISC).