Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B: Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33:2233–2239.PubMed 22. Walk ST, Mladonicky JM, Middleton JA, Heidt AJ, Cunningham JR, Bartlett P,
Sato K, Whittmane TS: Influence of antibiotic selection on genetic composition of Escherichia coli populations from conventional and organic dairy farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73:5982–5989.PubMedCrossRef 23. Roberts MC: Tetracycline resistance determinants: mechanisms of action, regulation of expression, genetic mobility, and distribution. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1996, 19:1–24.PubMedCrossRef 24. Roberts MC: Update
on acquired tetracycline resistance genes. FEMS Selleck Foretinib Microbiol Lett 2005, 245:195–203.PubMedCrossRef 25. Ng LK, Martin I, Alfa M, Mulvey M: Multiplex PCR for the detection of tetracycline resistant genes. Mol Cell Probes Selumetinib 2001, 15:209–215.PubMedCrossRef 26. Guerra B, Junker E, Miko A, Helmuth R, Mendoza MC: Characterization and localization of drug resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant, integron-carrying Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium strains. Microb Drug Resist 2004, 10:83–91.PubMedCrossRef 27. Guerra B, Soto S, Cal S, Mendoza MC: Antimicrobial resistance and spread of class 1 integrons among Salmonella serotypes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000, 44:2166–2169.PubMedCrossRef 28. Guerra B, Soto SM, Arguelles JM, Mendoza MC: Multidrug resistance is mediated by large plasmids carrying a class 1 integron in the emergent Salmonella enterica serotype. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001, 45:1305–1308.PubMedCrossRef 29. Sandvang D, Aarestrup FM, Jensen LB: Characterisation of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in Danish multiresistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997, 157:177–181.PubMedCrossRef 30. Gow SP, Waldner CL, Rajic A, McFall Autophagy activator ME, Reid-Smith R: Prevalence of antimicrobial
resistance in fecal generic Escherichia coli i solated in western Canadian beef herds. Part II. Cows and cow-calf pairs. Can J Vet Res 2008, 72:91–100.PubMed 31. Gow SP, Waldner CL, Rajic A, McFall ME, Reid-Smith R: Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal generic Escherichia coli isolated in western Canadian cow-calf herds. Part I. Beef calves. Can J Vet Res 2008, 72:82–90.PubMed 32. Hoyle DV, Knight HI, Shaw DJ, selleck inhibitor Hillman K, Pearce MC, Low JC, Gunn GJ, Woolhouse MEJ: Acquisition and epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in a cohort of newborn calves. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004, 53:867–871.PubMedCrossRef 33. Van Donkersgoed JV, Manninen K, Potter A, McEwen S, Bohaychuk V, Klahinsky S, Deckert A, Irwin R: Antimicrobial susceptibility of hazard analysis critical control point Escherichia coli isolates from federally inspected beef processing plants in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario. Can Vet J 2003, 44:723–728.PubMed 34.