Recently, reports showed IL-1β secreting NLRP3 inflammasome in cytoplasm plays a role as a sensor of the innate immune injury in metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the cause and effects of hyperuricemia and kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy Ensartinib price to demonstrate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in uric acid-induced kidney injury in diabetes. Methods: We designed four animal groups as following; 1) LETO (Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka); 2) OLETF (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty); 3) OLETF + HFD (high fructose diet) for 16 weeks; 4)
OLETF + HFD + allopurinol (10 mg/dL in drinking water). HK-2 (Human renal proximal tubule cells) and THP1 (Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) were cultured and stimulated with uric acid.
Results: OLETF + HFD group showed higher serum uric acid (1.4 ± 0.1 vs 2.2 ± 0.4 mg/dL) level and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (350 ± 72 vs 594 ± 102 μg/mg) than OLETF group. NLRP3 and IL-1β expressions and macrophage infiltration were increased in the kidney of OLETF + HFD group. Allopurinol attenuated HFD-induced hyperuricemia, urinary albumin excretion, NLRP3 activation-related renal inflammation, and macrophage infiltration. Uric acid induced NLRP3 PXD101 datasheet activation and IL-1β secretion in macrophages. IL-1β secreted in macrophages played a pivotal role in activating IL-1βR1, MyD88 and IRAK4 signaling and NF-κB in proximal tubular cells. Direct activation of proximal tubular cells by uric acid resulted in chemokine secretions
such as RANTES and SDF-1α. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia activates NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and contributes in renal injury by secretion of IL-1β, and induces RANTES and SDF-1α secretion in proximal tubular cells. Taken together, these data support the novel and direct role of soluble uric acid, in activating second NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and promoting chemokine signaling in proximal tubular cells, contributes the progression of diabetic kidney injury via cross stalking between macrophages and proximal tubular cells. HASEGAWA KAZUHIRO, WAKINO SHU, HAYASHI KOICHI, ITOH HIROSHI Department of Nephrology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Introduction: Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a NAD-dependent deacetylase with positive effects on cellular and whole-body metabolism, is expressed in the renal cortex and medulla. Among various renal cells, we previously reported that proximal tubular Sirt1 plays pivotal roles (Hasegawa K, BBRC 2008, JBC 2010). Sirt1 is also known to have protective effects against diabetic damages in liver or pancreas.