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Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions This work was finished through the collaboration of all authors. YAK proposed the model for the lattice and isotopic effect. AVS has been working on the MD simulation. YAK and AC have participated in the interpretation of results and in revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved buy Alvocidib the final manuscript.”
“Background Due to their cost-effectiveness, ease of manufacturing, and suitability for large-area production, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted much attention. Typically, the photoanode of a DSSC is made of a TiO2 nanoparticle film (10-μm thickness) adsorbed with a monolayer Ru-based complex dye. Although the certified energy click here conversion efficiency of DSSCs has exceeded 12% [1], electrons generated from photoexcited dyes injected into the conduction band of TiO2 will pass through the grain boundaries and interparticle connections, which are strongly

influenced by the surface trapping/detrapping effect, leading to slow electron transport [2]. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures have superior MYO10 electron transport characteristics compared to nanoparticle-based systems [3, 4]. Several methods have been established for the preparation of 1-D structured TiO2, including nanowires [5, 6], nanotubes [7–10] and nanofibers. Among the methods for preparing 1-D TiO2 nanostructures, electrospinning provides a versatile, simple, and continuous process [11–13]. However, even though extremely fast electron transport is available in the 1-D nanostructures, these 1-D TiO2-based DSSCs usually show relatively lower efficiencies than nanoparticle-based ones, mainly because of low dye adsorption.