On silica TLC plates, the SBW25 band had a slightly lower Rf than FVG from WH6. Figure 1 Thin-layer chromatograms of 90% ethanol extracts of dried culture filtrates from P. fluorescens SBW25 and WH6. A. Ninhydrin-stained cellulose TLC

chromatograms. B. Ninhydrin-stained GHL-silica TLC chromatograms. Hydroxychloroquine cost Sample preparation and application and the solvent systems used to develop the chromatograms are described in the Methods section. The ninhydrin band corresponding to FVG is indicated on the WH6 chromatogram. Biological activity of P. fluorescens SBW25 culture filtrate The antimicrobial properties of P. fluorescens SBW25 culture filtrate were tested against a panel of bacteria that included multiple races, pathovars, and strains of eleven bacterial species (Table 1). Of the nineteen bacterial strains tested in our standard agar diffusion assay, six were sensitive to the filtrate as evidenced by a large zone of clearing about the central well containing the SBW25 culture filtrate. These six strains are listed in Table 2 and included five plant pathogens. Typical results of the agar diffusion assay are illustrated in Additional file 1, which shows

results Selleck NVP-BKM120 with five of the sensitive strains and one of the insensitive strains tested. Of the strains inhibited by SBW25 culture filtrate, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was the most sensitive. However, because P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 harbors its own MTMR9 antibacterial properties [24], we chose Dickeya dadantii 1447, a pathovar that causes bacterial soft rot of corn, to use in following antibiotic activity in subsequent purification work. The bacterial plant pathogens inhibited by SBW25 culture filtrate included Erwinia amylovora, which is also selectively inhibited by culture filtrate from P. fluorescens WH6 [25]. However, unlike WH6, SBW25 culture filtrate

did not inhibit the germination of Poa annua in our standard germination arrest assay [10]. Table 1 Bacterial strains tested for sensitivity to P. fluorescens SBW25 filtrate Test species Strain Source of strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58bv1 2 Bacillus megaterium K2 1 Dickeya dadantii X179 3   1447 3 Erwinia amylovora 153 1 Escherichia coli HB101 5   DH5α 5 Pantoea agglomerans EH252 1 Pectobacterium carotovora cc101 1 Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 1   D7 6   WH6 7 Pseudomonas marginalis PM-7 2 Pseudomonas syringae glycinea race 0, 4 4   phaseolicola 1448A 4   maculicola M4 4   tomato DC3000 4 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia RM145 2 1Dr. Joyce Loper (USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, USA). 2Marilyn Miller (Plant Clinic, Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA). 3 Dr. Kenneth Johnson (Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA). 4Dr. Jeff Chang (Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA). 5commercial source. 6Dr.