Maries strain were represented by the design and synthesis of 30-mer, overlapping peptides (Fig. 1) [5] and [6].

Sera from all animals obtained prior to immunization, 42 days after the last immunization, and 45 days after challenge with live organisms were tested. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were done to map the anti-Msp2 antibody response. Immulon-II 96-well plates were coated with 1 μg of peptide per well in coating buffer (50 mM Na2CO3, pH 9.6) overnight at 4 °C, washed with PBS containing 0.05% (vol/vol) Tween20, and then blocked with NVP-BGJ398 manufacturer PBS containing 5% (wt/vol) milk and 0.05% (vol/vol) Tween20 for 1 h. To determine the end-point titers, sera were diluted starting at 1:10 in blocking buffer. Dilutions Linsitinib were doubled until a signal was no longer detected or a dilution of 1:20,480 was reached. Titers were reported as the reciprocal of the last dilution in which

antibody binding was detected. Fifty μl of each diluted serum sample were added to each well in triplicate. Following washing, 50 μl of 1:500 dilution of recombinant protein G-horseradish peroxidase (Zymed, Carlsbad, CA), to detect IgG binding, were added per well, and the plates incubated for 1 h at room temperature. After additional washes, binding of protein G to IgG was detected using Sureblue microwell peroxidase substrate (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD) at 100 μl/well for 15 min. and stopped with 100 μl of 1% hydrochloric acid. The optical density at 450 nm was determined. Positive binding was statistically defined as exceeding the mean plus 2 standard deviations of the OD450 of preimmune serum from the same animal for the specific peptide, exceeding 2 times the absolute mean value of OD450 of the test serum with negative control peptide P1, and greater than the mean plus 2 standard deviations of the OD450 for a specific peptide from all control animals that received only adjuvant. To evaluate and compare the number of Msp2 epitopes recognized, breadth scores and mean titers were determined for each serum sample. To establish a

breadth score, one point was given for each peptide recognized at a serum dilution of ≥1:10. All of the points for each conserved region peptide and all of the points for each HVR peptide were summed separately. In the order to compare and the breadth scores between the CR and HVR peptides, the breadth score was divided by the number of peptides in each group. For example, animal 5933 had antibody recognizing 6 of the 15 CR peptides and 14 of the 18 HVR peptides, giving a CR breadth score of 0.40 and a HVR breadth score of 0.78 (Table 3). To establish a mean titer for a serum sample, the reciprocal of the end-point dilution for each peptide was summed and divided by the number of peptides recognized by that particular serum sample. The titer scores to the CR and HVR region peptides were determined separately.