Isolation of immune cells CD4 CD25 effector T cells and dendritic cells were isolated from DO11. 10 mouse spleen with commercial reagent www.selleckchem.com/products/arq-197.html kits following the manufac turers instructions. The purity of isolated Teff cells was 98. 8%, DC was 99. 2% respectively as assessed by flow cytometry. Teff cell proliferation The isolated Teff cells were labeled with CFSE, cultured with the supernatant collected from the Transwell basal chambers for 3 days in the presence of DC at a ratio of 1,5. The cells were analyzed by flow cytome try to determine the frequency of T cell proliferation. Statistics The data are presented as mean SD. Differences be tween groups were determined by ANOVA. P 0. 05 was set as a significant criterion. Ethical approval The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethic Committee at Shenzhen University.

Results Exposure to SEB suppresses the expression of Alix in T84 monolayers In the first attempt, we assessed the expression of Alix in T84 cells. The results of qRT PCR and Western blotting showed that Alix was detected in T84 cells. Next, we stim ulated T84 cells with SEB in the culture for 48 h, the cells were then collected and processed to assess the expression of Alix. The results showed that the levels of Alix were suppressed in T84 cells in a SEB dose dependent manner. To elucidate the role of TLR2 in the SEB induced sup pression of Alix in T84 cells, in separate experiments, the TLR2 gene was knocked down in T84 cells by RNAi, the TLR2 null cells were exposed to SEB in the culture for 48 h. Indeed, the expression of Alix was not affected in T84 cells.

The results indicate that T84 cells ex press Alix that can be suppressed by SEB through the TLR2 activation. Suppression of Alix compromises T84 monolayer permeability Alix is associated with the endolysosome system in the cell. The endolysosome system is critical in the degrad ation of the endocytic cargo, such as protein antigens. To elucidate if Alix suppression plays any roles in the in testinal epithelial barrier permeability, we prepared T84 monolayers, the monolayers were treated with SEB with similar procedures of Figure 1. The TER and permeabil ity to OVA of T84 monolayers was assessed. The results showed that the exposure to SEB did not affect the TER, but significantly increased the permeability to OVA, which was abolished by Knockdown of TLR.

To corrob orate the results, we knocked down the Alix gene of T84 cells. The Alix null T84 cells still formed monolayers in Transwells with comparable TER with wild control T84 cells. Then, we assessed the permeability of the Alix null T84 monolayers. The results showed that the Alix null T84 monolayers Carfilzomib had markedly higher permeability to OVA as compared with wild T84 monolayers. The results indicate that SEB can increase the perme ability to OVA via suppressing Alix.