However, this statement cannot be scientifically sound, given the available NOx− flux data. The results indicate that an increase in O2 concentration from 1 to 3 mg l−1 has no apparent effect on NOx− fluxes, but

a near-bottom water O2 concentration of 4 to 5 mg l−1 switches the flux direction from positive to negative. At the same find protocol time, it should be mentioned that although NOx− fluxes differ significantly (ANOVA; p < 0.01) between treatments 1–3 and 4, the NOx− fluxes observed in treatment 5 do not differ significantly from those observed in treatments 1–3. The modelled NOx− fluxes, like the measured ones, increase with O2 concentration ( Figure 5). However, the modelled fluxes are lower than those observed under low O2 conditions and, because of their smooth increase, slightly overestimate fluxes under sub-oxic conditions. The modelled fluxes achieve the highest values at O2 concentrations of 10 mg l−1 and above (319 μmol NOx− m−2 d−1). Also, the observed NOx− flux reaches a maximum at an O2 concentration of 10 mg l−1, where UK-371804 clinical trial it varies between -309 and 765 μmol NOx− m−2 d−1 with a median value of 169 μmol NOx− m−2 d−1. We used model-data correlation coefficients (Pearson’s R) to determine the agreement between the modelled and the median values from the experimental data set

of nutrient fluxes. The percentage difference between the modelled and the observed experimental data (Table 1) was used to determine the variation of the modelled data from the observed experimental data at each O2 treatment used in the incubation experiment. The correlation coefficients show that there is good agreement between the dynamics of the modelled values and the median values of the observed experimental fluxes of nutrients (R = 0.75, 0.63, and 0.88 for NH4+, NOx− and PO43− respectively). The relative deviation shows that the modelled nutrient fluxes tend

to be lower than the observed experimental values with the exception of the NH4+ flux at O2 = 4 mg l−1, the NOx− flux at O2 = 1, 2 and 10 mg l−1 and the PO43− flux at O2 = 3 and 4 mg l−1. PtdIns(3,4)P2 The calibrated denitrification model was extrapolated to anoxic conditions, using ‘negative oxygen’ concentrations (Fonselius 1969) to show the degree of anoxia. ‘Negative oxygen’ is equivalent to the amount of oxygen needed to oxidise the end products of anaerobic organic matter oxidation pathways like hydrogen sulphide or reduced forms of manganese and iron. At O2 concentrations < –2 mg l−1 the simulated NO3− flux is directed into the sediments where it is instantly denitrified, while the NH4+ flux remains constant and no coupled nitrification-denitrification occurs (Figure 6). The first notable changes in the N flux are evident at O2 concentrations > –2 mg l−1, when both Dw and the amount of NO3− flux directed into the sediments start to decrease.