Meanwhile, thrombosis happens in as much as one-third of hospitalized patients utilizing the condition, while pulmonary embolism happens to be reported to be the most dangerous thrombosis which considerably increases death in COVID-19.Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are in risky of thromboembolic complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The hypercoagulable condition due to COVID-19 leads to activation of coagulation cascade, meanwhile, CT pulmonary angiography is employed to diagnose or exclude pulmonary embolism. Moreover, ground-glass opacities are also examined applying this modality. Minimal molecular weight heparin could be the anticoagulant of preference as a result of ease of use in administration and reasonable chance of drug-drug interactions.Pulmonary embolism occurs in COVID-19 clients without DVT. In line with the results, parenteral anticoagulant followed by DOAC is the mainstay of therapy in COVID-19 coagulopathy.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by serious Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Case fatality rate has-been from the rise among older grownups. Muscle reduction is a result of several persistent diseases (persistent sarcopenia) and current principle additionally suggested that acute sarcopenia may brought on by intense significant stressor such as an acute disease, surgery, infections, stress or burns including COVID-19 disease leading to further muscle mass reduction in elderly. Cytokine violent storm, the hallmark of COVID-19 pathogenesis will cause various pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1 and IL-6 causing intense sarcopenia by activating unfavorable regulators like NF-κB, atrogin-1, MURF-1. Long standing chronic infection also understood as inflammaging along with severe swelling during COVID-19 in elderly may cause reticulum endoplasmic and mitochondria stress activating caspase last but not least boost both cytosolic and atomic quantities of AIF and EndoG to cause intense see more sarcopenia. A few precipitating elements shared same molecular pathway like real inactivity and hormonal dysregulation which behave through IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathway. Actual inactivity during COVID-19 infection also caused myostatin and Atrogin-1/ MaFbx/ MuRF path. This analysis provides current study genitourinary medicine improvements dealing with molecular pathway modulating lean muscle mass in severe sarcopenia during COVID-19 infection.Liver cirrhosis could be the advanced level phase of liver infection accounting for high morbidity and mortality prices worldwide. Liver transplantation for liver cirrhosis has a few restrictions, rendering stem cellular transplantation as a potential therapy. Medical studies of stem cell programs for liver cirrhosis are being set up utilizing various types of stem cells. This analysis C difficile infection will offer an ongoing report of the accomplishments, restrictions, and future instructions of stem mobile transplantation. Present development of clinical trials is important in defining the very best variety of stem cells, mode of delivery, the amount and frequency of cells becoming injected, and deciding possible candidates for cell treatment. A number of the encountered problems are the minimal homing and differentiation potential of stem cells, the usage non-xenofree culture system, together with risk for tumorigenesis in some kinds of stem cells. The potential improvements of liver stem cell transplantation are the generation of genetically modified stem cells plus the development of liver organoids for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon type of chronic pyelonephritis, that will be difficult to diagnose because its medical presentation mimics various other organizations and is frequently related to a brief history of endocrine system obstruction. We report a case of XGP in a young adult without nephrolithiasis and endocrine system obstruction. A 23-year-old woman served with intermittent abdominal pain within the right top quadrant persisting for the last ten months. The pain sensation was lifeless, badly localized, and began dispersing off to the right back, right neck, and right thigh within the last 90 days. Various other complaints included temperature, chills, discomfort during urination, and sickness. The in-patient had a brief history of infrequent urination, recurrent urinary system infections (UTIs), and the lowest liquid consumption. A physical evaluation revealed that the individual had correct upper quadrant abdominal pain and right costovertebral direction pain. Laboratory conclusions revealed leukocytosis and neutrophilia. The radiological assessment unveiled a round mass when you look at the superior pole of this right kidney with mixed cystic and solid components, and a well-defined margin. It further enlarged from 4.5 cm to 10.6 cm in diameter in three months. The urologist performed an overall total right nephrectomy. The histopathological evaluation showed XGP with renal abscess. Proteus mirabilis ended up being identified from the pus specimen culture. XGP is highly recommended in the analysis of patients having chronic UTI served with or with no results of urinary tract obstruction.Pancreas divisum is an abnormal condition of pancreas duct occurring from organogenesis. This unusual problem thought as a deep failing in fusion between dorsal and ventral part of the pancreas. The occurrence reported 4%-14% in general populace. Majority client with pancreas divisum will likely not provide with any indication or symptom, however in some cases may provide with signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. We illustrate an incident of 39 years old male with pancreas divisum presenting as acute recurrent pancreatitis. Diagnosis of pancreas divisum was determined through magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Individual addressed by sphincterotomy and dilation making use of Soehendra’s dilator catheter. Here is the first pancreas divisum instance successfully treated and reported in Indonesia.Biliary strictures analysis became a challenge where harmless circumstances could mimic a malignant process.