75. Disability status was measured using the short form (12-item) World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-II (WHODAS-II

[Disability Assessment Schedule 2000]), which assesses the activity limitations and participation restrictions experienced by an individual. It does not ask respondents to identify whether the problem was caused by medical or mental health conditions. In consideration of the homebound state of the subjects, the last item, “Your day to day work,” was reworded to “Your day to day work in and around the house.” Need factors Depressive symptoms were measured with the 24-item HAMD. It consists of the GRID-HAMD-21 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Structured Interview Guide (2003) augmented with three additional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical items assessing feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and worthlessness, with specific probes and follow-up questions developed by Moberg et al. (2001). Antianxiety Ribociclib in vitro medication and pain medication data were collected from the original medication containers and/or the individual’s list of all medications being taken. Perceived effectiveness of antidepressants Those Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical taking any antidepressant medication were asked to rate their perception of the effectiveness of each medication on a 5-point scale (1

= not effective; 2 = a little effective; 3 = somewhat effective; 4 = effective; 5 = very effective). Statistical Methods Following univariate analysis of the participants’ characteristics, including those of predisposing, enabling, and need factors, we described the subjects’ antidepressant use by medication class, type, duration of intake, and perceived effectiveness. Then, we used binary logistic regression

analysis to test the study hypotheses regarding self-reported antidepressant use versus nonuse. For the subset of participants who used antidepressants and provided data on perceived Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical effectiveness (n = 65), we used ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis to test the exploratory Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical hypothesis regarding the relationship between the perceived effectiveness and the predisposing factors and the HAMD scores. Bivariate analysis showed that the effectiveness perception was not significantly correlated with any enabling factor and other participant characteristics (e.g., pain frequency and intensity). Results Participant characteristics Table 1 shows that 56.2% of the participants were Black/African American or Hispanic and 69.8% had family income less than or equal to $15,000. The mean WHODAS-II score, 35.84 ± 9.03, indicates a high Tolmetin level of disability. The mean HAMD score was 23.56 ± 7.72, and 63.6% had MDD. Nearly half (48.8%) of the participants reported that they were taking at least one antidepressant medication. A majority (86.4%) reported that they were experiencing chronic pain, with the mean self-reported frequency of 8.66 ± 2.09 and the mean self-reported intensity of 7.69 ± 2.20 on a 10-point scale; 33.3% and 56% reported that they were taking antianxiety and prescription pain medications, respectively.