14,15 From a legal

perspective, each country or state has its legal regulations for death. On the basis of these regulations, each hospital establishes criteria for the determination of brain death. Subsequently, a large variability in the determination of brain death between and within individual hospitals has been reported in American and European hospitals.14,15 ETHICAL RULES FOR LIVING DONORS Living Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical donor donations are widely used worldwide, and the numbers are constantly increasing. According to recent publications, 27,000 living donor kidney and 2,000 living donor liver transplants are performed worldwide annually.16,17 The shortage of deceased donor organs led to a steady increase in live donors over the last years. The ethical rules for live donation are different than those for deceased donors, but what is common to both is the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical extensive

attention to the act of organ donation by ethicists, religions, and the medical communities. The majority of live organ donations are kidney Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical transplants, followed by partial liver and partial lung transplants. The main ethical principle in live donations is to cause little or no harm to the donor. Organ donations between family members are well accepted and valued by society. It is also accepted that altruistic donations, those with a pure and non-financial motivation to help a patient suffering, are a noble thing. However, any donation which is associated with financial payment for Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the organ is generally unacceptable. While arguments are voiced that patients may have the rights over their bodies and they can “sell” organs as they wish, it is widely accepted that such practice is Lapatinib unethical and should be banned. Organ trafficking has been and continues to be a major problem in the world. Modern societies worldwide are now strictly against organ trafficking, and international

actions are taken to prevent such cases. In 2008, the Declaration of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism, the European Parliament, and the Asian heptaminol Taskforce on Organ Trafficking each issued formal statements urging member states to define conditions in which reimbursement can be granted.18 A clear distinction is made between the acceptable practice of reimbursement of legitimate expenses incurred due to the transplant process and payment resulting in illegal financial gain. In Israel, according to a recent law on organ transplantation that is in effect since 2008, direct payments to donors from another source or from insurance are now illegal.19 At the same time the law allows for compensation of the direct expenses of organ donation incurred by the donor and also adjustment of his medical insurance benefit to his new more liable condition.