05. Results were presented as the Mean ± S.D. (standard deviation). All data processing was carried out using the software OriginPro 7.5. Results The effects of protons and FM on cell viability, proliferation and survival Single treatments with protons or FM, presented in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, have shown dose or concentration dependent inhibitory effects on cell viability and cell proliferation, respectively, as compared to untreated controls (***, p < 0.001). Figure 1 Single

and combined effects of protons and FM on HTB140 cells. Viability (A), proliferation (B) and survival (C) of HTB140 cells estimated by SRB, BrdU and clonogenic assays, respectively, after single and combined treatments with protons and FM. Irradiation doses were 12 (I) and 16 Gy (II). Drug concentrations were 100 (III) and 250 μM (IV). (* – single or combined treatment vs.

control, † – combined treatment vs. proton irradiation, # combined treatment vs. Y-27632 cost single drug treatment; 0.01 < p < 0.05 (*, †, #), 0.001 < p < 0.01 (**, ††, ##), p < 0.001 (***, †††, ###)). After combined treatments with these agents, as compared to controls, cell viability also decreased (***, p < 0.001) and is shown in Figure 1A. But, the single effects of either proton irradiation LDK378 mouse or FM treatment were better than those of their combined application (†††, p < 0.001 and ###, p < 0.001). Cell proliferation after combined treatments, given in Figure 1B, was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells (***, p < 0.001). Combined effects of protons and 100 μM FM remained in the range that was obtained for each single treatment (p > 0.05). Still, cell proliferation after single treatment with 250 μM FM was lower than after its combination with protons (##, p < 0.01). Cell survival, estimated through the colony forming ability, revealed important reduction for single and combined treatments vs. control (***, p < 0.001),

as shown in Figure 1C. Combined effects of protons and FM were in the range of those of proton irradiation (p > 0.05) and did not reach the level of cell killing obtained by FM alone (###, p < 0.001). The effects of protons and DTIC on cell viability, proliferation and survival After exposure to single and combined treatments with protons and DTIC, as shown in Figure 2A, the viability of HTB140 cells was reduced as Bacterial neuraminidase compared to controls (***, p < 0.001). However, the effects of single proton irradiation or DTIC treatment were more pronounced than their combination (†††, p < 0.001 and ###, p < 0.001). Figure 2 Single and combined effects of protons and DTIC on HTB140 cells. Viability (A), proliferation (B) and survival (C) of HTB140 cells estimated by SRB, BrdU and clonogenic assays, respectively, after single and combined treatments with protons and DTIC. Irradiation doses were 12 (I) and 16 Gy (II). Drug concentrations were 100 (III) and 250 μM (IV). (* – single or combined treatment vs. control, † – combined treatment vs.