0 mu g mL(-1) against P. aeruginosa compared to the petroleum ether and chloroform extracts, which showed an MIC of 1.1 mu g mL(-1). The methanolic extracts of C. berryi and C. caudata also showed moderate cytotoxic activity against a human mammary carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), with values IC50 of 82.6 and 88.4

mu g mL(-1), respectively.”
“Metastases are a frequent finding in gastric cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. A recently discovered Epigenetics inhibitor link between metabolic changes, differentiation, and therapy resistance due to tumor stem cells could depict a novel approach in cancer research and therapy. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a metabolic enzyme and is known to be involved learn more in enabling gastric cancer cells to be invasive and to disseminate. In this study, we investigated if PGK1 is a promising candidate in inducing stem cell differentiation in gastric cancer.

MKN45 gastric cancer cells were used due to their known cancer stem cell population, which is defined by the surface marker CD44. MKN45 cells were separated between CD44+ and CD44- cells and, in equal parts, incubated with shRNA anti-PGK1 using fluorescence-activated cell sorting

(FACS) analysis; they were then injected into nude mice to evaluate their tumor growth behavior in vivo. Further, the invasive potential of gastric cancer cells was evaluated in vitro using the xCelligence analyzing system.

CD44+ gastric cancer cells treated with and without shRNA anti-PGK1 were capable to cause tumor growth in vivo, whereas tumor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library growth in CD44+ cells treated with shRNA anti-PGK1 was considerably smaller in comparison with that in CD44+ cells without treatment. CD44- cells did not show any noticeable tumor growth in vivo. By targeting PGK1, the invasive potential of gastric cancer cells was impressively reduced in vitro. In all our cells, which were targeted with

shRNA anti-PGK1, we did not find any change that is in accordance with the phenotype of the cells using FACS analysis.

Our findings suggest that targeting the key metabolic enzyme PGK1 in gastric cancer cells may open a new chapter in cancer treatment, which is well worth for further exploration in combination with recent chemotherapy, and might be a promising possibility to overcome therapy resistance in gastric cancer.”
“Designing propolis products for external use involves determining the optimal form of propolis for the introduction into dermatological pharmaceuticals and cosmetic preparations. As a potent ingredient, propolis oil extract from raw material harvested in Lithuania was analysed. The rheological characteristics, content of phenolic compounds, major compounds and antimicrobial activity of the propolis oil extract are investigated here for the first time. The propolis oil extract was produced by maceration using different solvents, raw material was collected in Lithuania.