We present eight patients with symptomatic, self-limiting pen-electrode edema post-DBS electrode implantation who presented post-operatively with distinct clinical presentations with imaging that revealed a hypodense area in the white matter surrounding the DBS electrode. Local and systemic tests for infection were negative. The edema resolved over time without surgical intervention. The etiology of the edema remains obscure. The transient nature of the edema and benign course with rapid and full resolution in all

our patients cautions against any hasty decision to explant the electrode, in the absence of any obvious signs of infection. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: We analyzed the efficacy of continuous renal Entinostat inhibitor replacement therapy (CRRT) combined with blood transfusion for patients with crush syndrome Torin 2 cell line from an earthquake.\n\nMethods:

Eight patients with crush syndrome were included. CRRT were performed in six of eight patients with crush syndrome, and transfusion was performed in all eight patients. Routine blood tests, urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood coagulation function, electrolyte levels, and serum myoglobin were determined and analyzed.\n\nResults: Two patients regained their health completely, four patients required amputation but recovered well, and two patients died. The total amount of red blood cells transfused RG-7388 in vitro in the eight cases was 521 U (mean volume = 68.25 U). CRRT was performed 164 times in six patients (mean 27.33 times per person). The routine blood test results and coagulation and renal function parameters improved obviously (P < 0.05) in the six surviving patients.\n\nConclusions: Sufficient blood transfusion

and early dialysis treatment effectively improved the conditions of patients with crush syndrome. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background Recruitment to primary care trials, particularly those involving young children, is known to be difficult. There are limited data available to inform researchers about the effectiveness of different trial recruitment strategies and their associated costs. Purpose To describe, evaluate, and investigate the costs of three strategies for recruiting febrile children to a community-based randomised trial of antipyretics. Methods The three recruitment strategies used in the trial were termed as follows: (1) local’, where paediatric research nurses stationed in primary care sites invited parents of children to participate; (2) remote’, where clinicians at primary care sites faxed details of potentially eligible children to the trial office; and (3) community’, where parents, responding to trial publicity, directly contacted the trial office when their child was unwell.